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1、Unit1Scienceisakindofknowledgewhichisaveryusefultoolinsolvingthetechnicalproblemsofindustry,agriculture,warfare,andmedicine.Tounderstandthewidthanddepthtowhichsciencecanbeappliedtothematerialandspiritualproblemsthatconfrontindividualsandnationsrequiresanunderstandingofwhatscie
2、ncereallyis.ThewordsciencecomestousfromaLatinword,scire,whichmeans“toknow”.Then,inabroadsense,scienceissimplywhatweknow,thetotalofallhumanknowledge.Butthedefinitionofscienceasallhumanknowledgewouldnotbeaworkableone,foritisobviousthattherearedifferenttypesofknowledge.Thekindsdi
3、fferaccordingtohowtheknowledgewasobtained,andalsoaccordingtowhatframeofexperienceitfits.Whatweknowofthearts,literature,law,religion,andtechnicalknow-how,aremoreorlessseparatefundsofknowledge.Theyhavelittletodowithwhatwecommonlycallscience.Scienceisalsocallednaturalsciencetodis
4、tinguishitfromotherbranchesoflearning.Scienceisconcernedwithnature,thatis,withknowledgeofthecharacteristicsandoperationsofanyandallnaturalthingsandhappenings.Scienceembracesallofnature,andexpressesourbestideasofhownaturalphenomenaarerelatedtoeachotherandaretobeformedintowhatis
5、calledtheuniverse.Sciencehasmanycharacteristics,andtounderstandwhatscienceisrequiresadetailedexaminationofthesepropertiesandpeculiarities.Anumberofwritershaveassertedthatscienceisreallyonlyamethod—thescientificmethod.Suchadefinitionisanoversimplification,butitiscertainthatthes
6、ciencemethodplaysanimportantroleindeterminingthenatureofscientificknowledge.Unit3Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimishardlybelievable.Itisalmostimpossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Justthinkwhatfuntheyoftenprovide!Imaginewhatabusandrailwaysta
7、tionwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements?Wouldyouenjoygazinghelplesslyatabankwallwhilewaitingforabusortrain?Wouldyouliketoreadadailypaperclosely-printedwithcolumnsofnews?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwallornewspaper.Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingma
8、kesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,radioortelevi
