最新context and cognitive context教学讲义ppt.ppt

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1、contextandcognitivecontextContext`Importance`DefinitionClassification`FunctionContext1AmycameacrossafriendBryaninthestreet.Asaid,"Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?"Context2Aheldtwohamburgersinherhandsandasked,"Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?"Thecontextoftenhelpsinunderstandingtheparticularmeaningoftheword,phr

2、ase,etc.e.g.loudmusicatiewithaloudpatternThecontextmayalsobethebroadersocialsituationinwhichalinguisticitemisused.e.g.inordinaryusage,spinsterreferstoanolderunmarriedwomanbutinalegalcontextitreferstoanyunmarriedwoman.PreviousStudiesAbroad1.MalinowskiintroducedtheconceptofcontextofsituationinTh

3、eProblemofMeaninginPrimitiveLanguagein1923.Thefirstaspecttoconsiderintranslating.Forinstance,factmeanstruthorreality.Itmaybeapieceofinformationaboutcircumstancesthatexistoreventsthathaveoccurred.Butintrial,thejudgemayremindarepresentortobeprudentinhisorherwordsanddeedsandsay,"thefactthatanythi

4、ngsaidcouldbeusedagainstyouincount."“你的任何陈述都可在庭审中作为不利于你的证据。”Intheaboveexample,thefactmeansastatementorassertionofverifiedinformationaboutsomethingthatisthecaseorhashappened.Andindailylife,wemaytrytoconvinceafriendorclassmateofsurportingsomebodyorsomethingbysaying,"Comeon!Thefactwhatyousaytomei

5、sveryimportanttome!"PreviousStudiesAbroad2.Takingasociologicalapproachtocontext,FirthdevelopedMalinowski'stheory.3.Hymes,asaethnographer(aresearcheronnationalculture),believescontextconsistsofthefollowingcomponets:ContextualFeatures:addressoraddresseetopicsettingchannelcodemessageformeventaudi

6、encekeypurposeFunctionsof(Traditional)ContextThebasicfunctionsofcontextareconsideredtoberestrictiveandexplanatoryfromwhichotherfunctionsarederived.ExplanatoryFunctionLet'sseeashortdialoguewereadbefore:Husband:That'sthephone.Wife:I'minthebath.Husband:Okay.Althoughwife'sresponseseemsirrelevantto

7、husband'sutterance,violating"MaximofRelation"in"CooperativePrinciple"putforwardbyGrice,withthehelpofthesituationalcontexthere,wecanexplainthatwifeisaskinghusbandtoanswerthephonewhensheistakingabath.Syntacticambiguityreferstoambiguityofs