最新Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context：社会文化语境下的行为幻灯片.ppt

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1、BehaviourinSocialandCulturalContext：社会文化语境下的行为BehaviourinSocialandCulturalContextRolesandrulesSocialinfluencesonbeliefsIndividualsingroupsGroupconflictandprejudiceRolesandRulesDefiningnormsandrolesTheobediencestudyTheprisonstudyThepowerofrolesThePrisonStudySubjectswerephy

2、sicallyandmentallyhealthyyoungmenwhovolunteeredtoparticipateformoney.Theywererandomlyassignedtobeprisonersorguards.Thoseassignedtheroleofprisonerbecamedistressed,helpless,andpanicky.Thoseassignedtherolesofguardsbecameeithernice,“toughbutfair,”ortyrannical.Studyhadtobeende

3、dafter6days.ThePowerofRolesFactorsthatcausepeopletoobey:Allocatingresponsibilitytotheauthority.Routinizingthetask.Wantingtobepolite.Becomingentrapped.Entrapment:Agradualprocessinwhichindividualsescalatetheircommitmenttoacourseofactiontojustifytheirinvestmentoftime,money,o

4、reffort.SocialInfluencesonBeliefsDefiningsocialcognitionAttributionsAttitudesSocialCognitionAnareainsocialpsychologyconcernedwithsocialinfluencesonthought,memory,perception,andothercognitiveprocesses.Researchersareinterestedinhowpeople’sperceptionsofthemselvesandothersaff

5、ect:Theirrelationships,thoughts,beliefsandvalues.AttributionsAttributionTheoryThetheorythatpeoplearemotivatedtoexplaintheirownandotherpeoples’behaviourbyattributingcausesofthatbehaviourtoasituationoradisposition.FundamentalAttributionErrorTendencyinexplainingothers’behavi

6、ourstooverestimatepersonalityfactorsandunderestimatesituationalinfluence.AttributionsSelf-servingbiasTendency,inexplainingownbehaviour,totakecreditforone’sgoodactionsandrationalizeone’smistakes.Just-worldhypothesisThenotionthatmanypeopleneedtobelievethattheworldisfairandt

7、hatjusticeisservedBadpeoplearepunishedandgoodpeoplerewarded.AttitudesArelativelystableopinioncontainingbeliefsandemotionalfeelingsaboutatopic.ExplicitWeareawareofthem,theyshapeconsciousdecisionsImplicitWeareunawareofthem,theymayinfluenceourbehaviourinwayswedonotrecognize.

8、FactorsInfluencingAttitudeChangeChangeinsocialenvironmentChangeinbehavioursDuetoaneedforconsiste