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1、名词性从句NominalClausesXuYan名词性从句是由if,whether,that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，在句子中起名词作用。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why中世纪，普遍相信地心说
2、(geocentrictheory)。GeocentrictheorywaswildlybelievedintheMiddleAges.Geocentrictheory:theearthisthecenterofourplanetarysystemThattheearthisthecenterofourplanetarysystemwaswildlybelievedintheMiddleAges.主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。一．主语从句Itis＋名词(apleasure,apity,
3、apleasantthing,one’sduty,anhonor,ashame,noeasyjob,afact,agoodthing,awasteoftime…)＋从句Itis＋形容词(clear,important,possible,necessary,strange,unnecessaryetc.)＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…1.It作形式主语的结构(3)It＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithadbeen
4、foundthat…已经发现…Itmustbepointedoutthat…需要指出…Ithasbeenprovedthat…业已证明…(4)Itis＋过去分词(well-known,said,reported,recorded,noted,estimated,believed等）＋从句2.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。it引导的强调句无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人可用whoItisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itisinthem
5、orningthatthemurdertookplace.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.3.主语从句不可位于句首的几种情况：（1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。Ifitistrueremainsaproblem.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.（2）Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek
6、.ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.√×√×（3）Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.（4）Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn
7、’tmatter.√×√×4.what与that引导主语从句的区别a).what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that则只是一种“标识”，告知后面是一个从句。1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.(what引导主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it做形式主语。）2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.Itisaconsolationthatsheisstillalive.×√b).What可以解释为thething
8、(s)that,即“…的东西/事情”，而that没有实际的意思，只
