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1、Module3Literature（一）TheworksofShakespeareandWordsworthare“rocket-boosters”tothebrainandbettertherapythanself-helpbooks,researcherswillsaythisweek.Scientists,psychologistsandEnglishacademicsatLiverpoolUniversityhavefoundthatreadingtheworksoftheBardandotherclassica
2、lwritershasabeneficialeffectonthemind,catchesthereader’sattentionandtriggersmomentsofself-reflection.Usingscanners,theymonitoredthebrainactivityofvolunteersastheyreadworksbyWilliamShakespeare,WilliamWordsworth,T.S.Eliotandothers.Theythen“translated”thetextsintomo
3、re“straight-forward”,modernlanguageandagainmonitoredthereaders’brainsastheyreadthewords.Scansshowedthatthemore“challenging”proseandpoetrysetofffarmoreelectricalactivityinthebrainthanthemorepedestrianversions.Scientistswereabletostudythebrainactivityasitrespondedt
4、oeachwordandrecordhowit“litup”asthereadersencounteredunusualwords,surprisingphrasesordifficultsentencestructure.This“lightingup”ofthemindlastslongerthantheinitialelectricalspark,shiftingthebraintoahighergear,encouragingfurtherreading.Theresearchalsofoundthatreadi
5、ngpoetry,inparticular,increasesactivityintherighthemisphereofthebrain,anareaconcernedwith“auto-biographicalmemory”,helpingthereadertoreflectonandreappraisetheirownexperiencesinlightofwhattheyhaveread.Theacademicssaidthismeanttheclassicsweremoreusefulthanself-help
6、books.PhilipDavis,anEnglishprofessorwhohasworkedonthestudywiththeuniversity’smagneticresonancecentre,willtellaconferencethisweek:“Seriousliteratureactslikearocket-boostertothebrain.”"Theresearchshowsthepowerofliteraturetoshiftmentalpathways,tocreatenewthoughts,an
7、dconnec-tionsintheyoungandthestaidalike.”本周将发布的一项研究揭示，阅读莎士比亚与华兹华斯的作品好比大脑的“火箭助推器”，比读一些自助书籍还要管用。来自利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英文教授发现，阅读莎士比亚及其他古典作家的作品对心智发展大有裨益，这些作品能够抓住读者的注意力，引发读者的自我反思。通过使用扫描仪，他们监测到接受实验的志愿者在阅读威廉•莎士比亚、威廉•华兹华斯、T•S•艾略特和其他作家的作品时的大脑活动。他们随后将这些文本“翻译”为更为“通俗易懂”的现代语言，然后又对
8、读者在阅读这些文字时的大脑活动进行了监测。经扫描发现，散文和诗歌越“具挑战性”，大脑中的电流活动就愈加频繁，而那些通俗化的版本则达不到这种效果。科学家们能够研究大脑对每一个词语作出反应时的活动，并记录下读者在遇到生僻词语、新奇短语或复杂的句子结构时大脑如何“被激活”。大脑的这一“激活”状态比最初的电火花持续时间更长，
