现代英语词汇学概论复习(Chapter1-10).docx

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1、Word:aminimumfreeformofalanguage.Withaunityofsoundandmeaning(bothlexicalmeaningandgrammaticalmeaning),performingsyntacticmeaningCriteriaofwords:byorigin(native—oldEnglish)(andloanlanguage—borrowedEnglish),bylevelofusage(commonwords,literary,colloquial,slangandtechnicalwords);bynotions(funct

2、ionandcontentwords)Morpheme:smallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerform.Amorphemeisalsotwo-facetlanguageunitwhichpossessessoundandmeaning.Classificationofmorphemes:freemorpheme-utteralonewithmeaning(afreemorphemeisawordintraditionalsense);boundmorpheme

3、—mustappearwithoneothermorpheme,freeorbound)Root:thebasicunchangeablepartoftheword,conveythemainlexicalmeaningoftheword.Eitherfreeorbound.(freerootsandboundroots)Affixes:----inflectionalaffixes(haveonlyparticulargrammaticalmeaning)andderivationalaffixes.(addedmorphemetocreatenewwords.）---pr

4、efixesandsuffixesWord-formationThreemajorprocesses:compounding(joiningtowormorebasestoformanewunitofcompoundwords)Derivation(forminganewwordbyadditionofawordelement)Conversion(awordofcertainword-classisshiftedintoanotherword-classwithoutanyaffixes)Eightminorprocesses:Acronymy(Initialisms–us

5、ingthefirstletterfrompropername,phrase,technicalwords)Ainitialismispronouncedletterbyletter)andacronyms—fromtheinitiallettersofthenameofanorganizationorscientificterm)==arepronouncedaswords.Clipping(deletionofoneormoresyllablesfromaword—usuallyanoun,whichisalsoavailableinitsfullform)Classif

6、ication—backclipping,frontclipping,frontandbackclippingandphraseclipping.)Blending---formedbycombiningthemeaningsandsoundoftowwords.oneofwhichisnotfullformorbothofwhicharenotfullform.）不完整拼缀Back-formation（coinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.）Wordsfro

7、mpropernames(includingnamesofscientists,namesofpoliticiansandstatesman,namesofplaces,trademark,literature)Reduplication(acompoundwordiscreatedbytherepetition(1)ofonewordlikego-go(2)almostidenticalwordswithachangeinthevowel’ssuchasping-pong.(3)oftwoalmost