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1、CommunicativeFunctionsofLanguageInordertounderstandthesignificanceoftranslationprinciples,it’simportanttoknowthecommunicativefunctionsoflanguageandhowlanguagesoperatetoperformsuchfunctions.Metalingualfunction元功能involvestheuseoflanguagetospeakaboutitself.
2、Expressivefunction表达功能focusesonthesource,withlittleornoconcernforpossiblereceptors.Thesourcemaybesimplypouringoutdeepfeelingsofsorrow,joy,oranxiety,oftenexpressedinhighlyspecializedforms,e.g,lyricpoetry,song,andchant.Thereforeit’simportantforthetranslato
3、rtoidentifywiththecreativeexpressionofthesourcebycreatingafunctionallyequivalentforminhisownreceptorlanguage.Theformwillalmostneverbethesamewiththeformofthesourcetext,butonecanusuallyproducewhatisafunctionalequivalent,sincelanguagefunctionsareuniversals.
4、Cognitivefunction 认知功能Involvestheuseoflanguageforeitherthinkingoutcomplexsemanticrelationsorforanticipatingthemannerinwhichonewilllatereitherspeakorwrite.Interpersonalfunction人际功能iscrucialto3differentinterpersonalrelationships:Identifyingandestablishings
5、tatusNegotiatingInterpersonalcontact2majorfactorsininterpersonalrelations:powerandsolidarityElementsmarkinterpersonalrelationship:wordsgrammarrhetoricalformstheleveloflanguage:formal,informal,casual,orintimateInformativefunction: 信息,叙事功能focusesontheconte
6、ntofthemessage,theevidentpurposeofthesourceistoinfluencethethinkingofreceptors,alsoservestoinfluencebehavior.Imperativefunction祈使功能Focusesonachangeinthebehaviorofreceptorswhorespondtothecontentofthemessageandtheimpactofitsform.Performativefunction施事功能inv
7、olvestheuseoflanguagetochangethestateorstatusofanobject. InthescripturesblessingandcuringareperformativefunctionsoflanguageEmotivefunction情感功能Focusesontheemotionalresponsesofreceptors.Thepurposeofsuchlanguageistoinfluencetheemotivestateofthosewhohearorre
8、adthemessage.Aestheticfunction美学功能involvestheuseoflanguagetoheightenimpactandappeal,bothonthelevelofthematicorganizationaswellasonthelevelofanycommunication:e.g,repetition,figurativelanguage,rhythm…RoleofthetranslatorThero
