社会心理学(英文版)课件.ppt

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1、Myers’PSYCHOLOGYChapter18SocialPsychologySocialThinkingSocialPsychologyscientificstudyofhowwethinkabout,influence,andrelatetooneanotherAttributionTheorytendencytogiveacausalexplanationforsomeone’sbehavior,oftenbycreditingeitherthesituationortheperson’sdis

2、positionSocialThinkingFundamentalAttributionErrortendencyforobservers,whenanalyzinganother’sbehavior,tounderestimatetheimpactofthesituationandtooverestimatetheimpactofpersonaldispositionAttitudebeliefandfeelingthatpredisposesonetorespondinaparticularwayto

3、objects,peopleandeventsSocialThinkingHowweexplainsomeone’sbehavioraffectshowwereacttoitNegativebehaviorSituationalattribution“Maybethatdriverisill.”Dispositionalattribution“Crazydriver!”Tolerantreaction(proceedcautiously,allowdriverawideberth)Unfavorabler

4、eaction(speedupandracepasttheotherdriver,giveadirtylook)SocialThinkingOurbehaviorisaffectedbyourinnerattitudesaswellasbyexternalsocialinfluencesInternalattitudesExternalinfluencesBehaviorSocialThinkingAttitudesfollowbehaviorCooperativeactionsfeedmutuallik

5、ingSocialThinkingFoot-in-the-DoorPhenomenontendencyforpeoplewhohavefirstagreedtoasmallrequesttocomplylaterwithalargerrequestRolesetofexpectationsaboutasocialpositiondefineshowthoseinthepositionoughttobehaveSocialThinkingCognitiveDissonanceTheoryweacttored

6、ucethediscomfort(dissonance)wefeelwhentwoofourthoughts(cognitions)areinconsistentexample-whenwebecomeawarethatourattitudesandouractionsclash,wecanreducetheresultingdissonancebychangingourattitudesSocialThinkingCognitivedissonanceSocialInfluenceConformitya

7、djustingone’sbehaviororthinkingtocoincidewithagroupstandardNormativeSocialInfluenceinfluenceresultingfromaperson’sdesiretogainapprovaloravoiddisapprovalSocialInfluenceThechameleoneffectParticipantParticipantrubsfaceshakesfootConfederaterubsfaceConfederate

8、shakesfoot0.80.70.60.50.40.3NumberoftimesSocialInfluenceAsch’sconformityexperimentsSocialInfluenceInformationalSocialInfluenceinfluenceresultingfromone’swillingnesstoacceptothers’opinionsaboutrealitySocialInfluenceP