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1、Lesson1HistoryofCoalMining?Theexactdateofman’sfirstuseofcoalislostinantiquity.Thediscoverythatcertainblackrockwouldburnwasundoubtedlyaccidentalandprobablyoccurredindependentlyandmanytimesintheworldoverthousandsofyears.Itisquitelikelythattheseindependentdiscoveriesweremadewhenprimitivemanchancedtobui
2、ldcampfiresonexposedledgesofablackrock,thenwasamazedwhenitcaughtfire.TheChineserecordedtheuseofcoal1,100yearsbeforetheChristianEra.InWales,thereisevidencethattheBronzeAgepeopleusedcoalforfuneralpyres,anditisknownthattheRomansusedthisfuel.Thereareotherancientreferences.However,practicalandconsistentu
3、seofcoalseemstodatetoEnglandintheMiddleAges.However,thefirstrecordeddiscoveryofcoal,inwhatisnowUS,wasbyFrenchexplorers,whoreportedanoutcropexposureontheIllinoisRiverin1679.ThefirstrecordedactualusagewasinVirginiain1702tousecoalforaFrenchsettler’sforge.DiscoveryandUsageofCoalEarliestrecordedcommercia
4、lminingwasin1750,fromtheJamesRivercoalfieldnearRichmond,VA,adepositnowabandoned.Besideslocalconsumptionfromthisfield,shipmentsweremadetoPhiladelphia,NewYork,andBoston.CoalMininghewedbyhandfromthesolidbedbyuseofpickandbarshoveledintobaskets,boxes,orwheelbarrowsanddraggedbymen,orwomentothefootofashaft
5、(竖井)Later,carsweredevelopedbutstilldrawnoverwoodplankbyhumansAstimewenton,ironstraps,therails,wereusedforthecarswhilemules,ponies,orhorsesdidthepullingI’maBARI’maPICKI’maSHOVELGradually,blackpowderwasintroducedtoblastdownthecoal,butundercutting,sidecutting,anddrillingwerestilldonebyhand.Duringthelat
6、e1700sand1800s,anumberofbasicdevelopmentsgreatlyaidedtheminingofcoal.firststeamenginepumpwaterfromcoalminesgodeeperfirstrailtransportationfirststeamlocomotivefirstelectriclocomotiveundergrounduseMechanizationofOperationPunchingmachinesandchain-typecuttersforunderminingthecoalseam.Longwallminingwasus
7、edhereandthereintheUSuntilabout1910.Noncompetitivewithroom-and-pillarmethodsinthickerseamsDominantinEuropeandAsiabecauseofthincoalanddepthofcoverDuringWorldWallII,theGermansdevelopedthelongwallscraper