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1、ApologyofSocratesLetusreflectandweshallseethatthereisgreatreasontohopethatdeathisagood;foroneoftwothings—eitherdeathisastateofnothingnessandutter(完全的)unconsciousness,or,asmensay,thereisachangeandmigrationofthesoulfromthisworldtoanother.Nowifyousupposethatthereisnoconsciousness,buta
2、sleeplikethesleepofhimwhoisundisturbedevenbydreams,deathwillbeanunspeakablegain.Forifapersonweretoselectthenightinwhichhissleepwasundisturbedbydreams,andweretocomparewiththistheotherdaysandnightsofhislife,andthenweretotellushowmanydaysandnightshehadpassedinthecourseofhislifebettera
3、ndmorepleasantlythanthisone,Ithinkthatanyman,Iwillnotsayaprivateman,buteventhegreatkingwillnotfindmanysuchdaysandnights,whencomparedwiththeothers.Nowifdeathbeofsuchanature,Isaythattodieisagain;foreternityisthenonlyasinglenight.Butifdeathisthejourneytoanotherplace,andthere,asmensay,
4、allthedeadabide,whatgood,myfriendsandjudges,canbegreaterthanthis?我们如果从另一角度来思考死亡，就会发觉有绝大理由相信死亡是件好事。死亡可能是以下两种情形其中之一：或者完全没有知觉的虚无状态，或是人们常说的一套，灵魂经历变化，由这个世界移居到另一个世界。倘若你认为死后并无知觉，死亡犹如无梦相扰的安眠，那么死亡真是无可形容的得益了。如果某人要把安恬无梦的一夜跟一生中的其它日子相比，看有多少日子比这一夜更美妙愉快，我想他说不出有多少天。不要说平民，就是显赫的帝王也如此。如果这就是死亡的本质，永恒不过
5、是一夜。倘若死亡一如人们常说的那样，只是迁徙到另一个世界，那里寄居了所有死去的人，那么，我的诸位朋友，法官，还有什么事情比这样来得更美妙呢？Ifindeedwhenthepilgrimarrivesintheworldbelow,heisdeliveredfromtheprofessorsofjusticeinthisworld,andfindsthetruejudgeswhoaresaidtogivejudgmentthere,MinosandRhadamanthusandAeacusandTriptolemus,andothersonsofGodwhow
6、ererighteous(正直的)intheirownlife,thatpilgrimagewillbeworthmaking.WhatwouldnotamangiveifhemightconversewithOrpheusandMusaeeusandHesiodandHomer?Nay,ifthisbetrue,letmedieagain.Imyself,too,shallhaveawonderfulinterestintheremeetingandconversingwithPalamedes,andAjaxthesonofTelamon,andanyo
7、therancientherowhohassuffereddeaththroughanunjustjudgment;andtherewillbenosmallpleasure,asIthink,incomparingmyownsufferingwiththeirs.Aboveall,Ishallthenbeabletocontinuemysearchintotrueandfalseknowledge;asinthisworld,soalsointhenext;andIshallfindoutwhoiswise,andwhopretendstobewise,a
8、ndwhoisnot.Whatwouldnotama
