句子成分讲解.doc

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1、句子成分讲解定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语句子成分意义充当成分例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Botho

2、fuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayin

3、gthepiano.（名词）Shewentoutinahurry.（代词）Fourplusfouriseight.（数词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（动名词）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名词化的形容词）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）找出下列句中的主语：1、Thesunrisesintheeast.          2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.      3、Thepoorarenowlivi

4、ngintheshelter.4、Seeingisbelieving.     5、Toseeistobelieve.        6、Helikesdancing.    7、Whatheneedsisabook.8、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;Hecanspea

5、kEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Showyourpassport,please.（名词）Shedidn'tsayanything.（代词）Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.（数词）Theysenttheinjure

6、dtohospital.（名词化的形容词）Theyaskedtoseemypassport.（不定式）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（句子）（四）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.找出下列句中的表语。1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareonth

7、eplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.常见的系动词有be动词,还有get,become,turn,grow等表“变得”的词,和感观动词sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。(五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.（形容词）Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.（名词）Thereare54studentsinourclass.（数词）Doyouknownbetty’ssi

8、ster?（名词所有格）Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（动名词）Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.（现在分词）Hisspok