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1、牛津大学英文介绍OxfordUniversity全文Oxfordisauniqueandhistoricinstitution.AstheoldestEnglish-speakinguniversityintheworld,itlaysclaimtoeightcenturiesofcontinuousexistence.Thereisnocleardateoffoundation,butteachingexistedatOxfordinsomeformin1096anddevelopedrapidlyfrom1167,whenHenryIIbannedEnglishstudentsfrom
2、attendingtheUniversityofParis.In1188,thehistorian,GeraldofWales,gaveapublicreadingtotheassembledOxforddonsandin1190thearrivalofEmoofFriesland,thefirstknownoverseasstudent,initiatedtheUniversity'straditionofinternationalscholarship.By1201,theUniversitywasheadedbyamagisterscolarumOxonie,onwhomthetit
3、leofChancellorwasconferredin1214,andin1231themasterswererecognizedasauniuersitasorcorporation.Inthe13thcentury,riotingbetweentownandgown(studentsandtownspeople)hastenedtheestablishmentofprimitivehallsofresidence.Theseweresucceededbythefirstofxford'scollegesorendowedhouseswhosearchitecturalsplendou
4、r,togetherwiththeUniversity'slibrariesandmuseums,givethecityitsuniquecharacter.University,BalliolandMertonColleges,establishedbetween1249and1264,weretheoldest.Lessthanacenturylater,Oxfordhadachievedeminenceaboveeveryotherseatoflearning,andwonthepraisesofpopes,kingsandsagesbyvirtueofitsantiquity,cu
5、rriculum,doctrineandprivileges.In1355,EdwardIIIpaidtributetotheUniversityforitsinvaluablecontributiontolearning;healsocommentedontheservicesrenderedtothestatebydistinguishedOxfordgraduates.Oxfordearlyonbecameacentreforlivelycontroversy,withscholarsinvolvedinreligiousandpoliticaldisputes.JohnWyclif
6、,a14th-centuryMasterofBalliol,campaignedforabibleinthevernacular,againstthewishesofthepapacy.In1530,HenryVIIIforcedtheUniversitytoaccepthisdivorcefromCatherineofAragon.DuringtheReformationinthe16thcentury,theAnglicanchurchmenCranmer,LatimerandRidleyweretriedforheresyandburntatthestakeinOxford.TheU
7、niversitywasRoyalistintheCivilWar,andCharlesIheldacounter-ParliamentinConvocationHouse.Inthelate17thcentury,theOxfordphilosopherJohnLocke,suspectedoftreason,wasforcedtofleethecountry.The18thcentury,whenOxfordwass
