英语议论文中常见的论证方法马栋.doc

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1、高级阅读议论文中常见的论证方法及对应考点综合能力部：吕永华•1.例证2.数据论证3.比较对比论证4.引证5.喻证6.1，例证法Privatization,orthethreatofit,isamotivationaswell.MonopoliesthatuntilrecentlyhavebeenfreetotaketheircustomersforgrantednowfearwhatMichaelPerry,amarketingprofessor,calls“therevengefulconsumer.”……Thegracel

2、essElAlAirlines,whichisalreadyatauction(拍卖),hasretraineditsemployeestoemphasizeserviceandisboastingabouttheresultsinanadcampaignwiththeslogan,“Youcanfeelthechangeintheair.”Forthefirsttime,praiseoutnumberscomplaintsoncustomersurveysheets.²TheexampleofElA1Airlinesshow

3、sthat________.A)revengefulcustomersareathreattothemonopolyofenterprisesB)anadcampaignisawayoutforenterprisesinfinancialdifficultyC)agoodsloganhasgreatpotentialforimprovingserviceD)staffretrainingisessentialforbetterservice．2.数据论证Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenk

4、nownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomassoffishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchanges

5、inthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredatorsinanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.²WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat______

6、__.[A]thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%[B]thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago[C]thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount[D]thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold3.比较与对比论证Thetouristst

7、reamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus--andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside--don’tusuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.Itisth

8、eplaygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenightpouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscant