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1、高三定语从句考点归纳 定语从句又称为形容词性从句,引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词:who,whom,that,which,as,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等,关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语,表语,定语等;关系副词则在从句中充当状语。定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,关键是看有无逗号把先行词与定语从句分开。若有,是非限定性定语从句,此时关系词不能省略;若无,则是限定性定语从句。综观历年高考试题,我们可以发现该语法项目是测试中的热点与难点。为了便于同学们复习该语法点时有所侧重,本文拟就其考点
2、作以归纳。一、考查几组关系词异同1.考查先行词是物时,关系代词which,that充当主语或宾语异同:在限定性定语从句中充当主语、宾语关系代词which,that一般可以互换,关系代词作宾语时还可以省略。(1)which用于下列情况:(I)如果引导的是非限定性定语从句;(II)关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前;(III)先行词本身是that等。(2)that用于下列情况:(I)先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词;(II)先行词被all,any,e
3、very,no,little,much,some等词修饰;(III)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;(IV)先行词被theonly,thevery(正是、恰是),thelast修饰;(V)先行词中既有人也有物;(VI)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句等。另外需要注意:先行词是theway,并在定语从句充当状语时,关系代词用that或省略,若用which,其前加介词in。[典型考题]①(09江西)ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplaced
4、byanofficebuilding.A.init B.in C.inthat D.inwhich②(07年浙江)Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,______usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.that B.which C.who D.where③(04湖北)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.theway B.intheway
5、that C.intheway D.thewaywhich④(10全国Ⅱ)Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.who B.that C.as D.what解析:①B。该题考查的是定语从句中关系代词前的介词位于谓语动词之后,关系代词可以省略,定语从句补充完整为:(which/that)Igrewupin,修饰先行词thehouse。若选择D项,应该用inwhichIgrewup②B。先行词Chan’s
6、restaurant在非限制性定语从句充当usedtobepoorlyrun的主语,故用which。③A。在not…but…结构中,前后应一致,因but之前是名词性从句,故其后也应该是名词性从句或与之相对的名词等,又因theway在该定语从句充当方式状语,所以关系词用that,inwhich或省略,故选theway。④B。不定代词something在定语从句作主语,用that引导。2.考查先行词是人,关系代词who,whom,that充当主语或宾语异同:在限定性定语从句中充当主语一般用who,that;充当宾语时三者可以互换或关
7、系代词还可以省略。下列情况用who或whom:(I)在非限定性定语从句中,先行词是人,并在从句中充当主语,关系代词用who,充当宾语,用whom或who(口语中),(II)先行词是人,介词后的宾语,只能用whom等。[典型考题]①(06北京)Women_____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose______don’t.A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.
8、不填;不填②(10浙江)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whom B.which