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1、直接引语和间接引语DirectSpeechandReportedSpeech引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;直接引语用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_________。间接引语直接引语通常都用____________括起来，引号“”间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个________。宾语从句１、人称的变化口诀说 明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾第三人称不变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变Shesaid,
2、“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweektha
3、tweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextmonththenext/followingmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake情态动词can,may,mustcould,might,hadto直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时
4、现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.注:直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.时态变化2一.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。〔that在口语中常省略〕1.Shesaid,“Ourtrainwillarriveinfiveminutes.”Shesaid(that)theirtrainwouldarriveinfiveminutes.2
5、.Hesaid,“I’mverybusy.”Hesaid(that)hewasverybusy.二.一般疑问句变成if/whether引导的宾语从句。1.Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.2.Theteachersaid,“Haveyouallunderstoodme?”Theteacheraskedifwehadallunderstoodhim.If/whether的用法主要区别点:whether可与or(not)连用Idon’tknowwhether
6、hewillcomeornot.Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcome.三.特殊疑问句变为由who/what/when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。1.Georgesaid,“WhenwillyougetbackfromShanghai,Mike?”GeorgeaskedMikewhenhewouldgetbackfromShanghai.2.Hesaid,“Whereareyougoing?”HeaskedwhereIwasgoing.四.祈使句变为动词不定式。〔表示命令时常用tell;表示请求时常用
7、ask。Don’t变为not〕1.Theteachersaidtotheboy,“Openthewindow.”Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.2.Hisfathersaidtohim,“Don’tleavethedooropen.”Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.五、如主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态。1.Hesays,“I’mverybusytoday.”Hesays(that)hei
8、sverybusytoday.2.Hewillsay,“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”Hewillsay(that)hehaswateredtheflowers.六、如主句谓语动词为过去时，则间接引语中的动词应由现在时变为过去时一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般过
