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1、外文原文:ModerndesignandmanufacturingCAD/CAMCAD/CAMisatermwhichmeanscomputer-aideddesignandcomputer-aidedmanufacturing.Itisthetechnologyconcernedwiththeuseofdigitalcomputerstoperformcertainfunctionsindesignandproduction.Thistechnologyismovinginthedirectionofgreaterintegration（体彳匕）ofd
2、esignandmanufacturing,twoactivitieswhichhavetraditionallybeentreatedasdistinct（清楚的）andseparatefunctionsinaproductionfirm.Ultimately,CAD/CAMwillprovidethetechnologybaseforthecomputer-integratedfactoryofthefuture・Computer-aideddesign（CAD）canbedefinedastheuseofcomputersystemstoassis
3、tinthecreation,modification,analysis,oroptimization（最优彳匕）ofadesign.Thecomputersystemsconsistofthehardwareandsoftwaretoperformthespecializeddesignfunctionsrequiredbytheparticularuserfirm.TheCADhardwaretypicallyincludesthecomputer,oneormoregraphicsdisplayterminals,keyboards,andothe
4、rperipheralequipment.TheCADsoftwareconsistsofthecomputerprogramstoimplement（实现，执彳亍）computergraphicstofacilitatetheengineeringfunctionsoftheusercompany.Examplesoftheseapplicationprogramsincludestress-strain力■应变）analysisofcomponents（部件）,dynamic（动态的）responseofmechanisms,heat-transfe
5、rcalculations,andnumericalcontrolpartprogramming.Thecollectionofapplicationprogramswillvaryfromoneuserfirmtothenextbecausetheirproductlines,manufacturingprocesses,andcustomermarketsaredifferentthesefactorsgiverisetodifferencesinCADsystemrequirements.Computer-aidedmanufacturing（CA
6、M）canbedefinedastheuseofcomputersystemstoplan,manage,andcontroltheoperationsofamanufacturingplantthrougheitherdirectorindirectcomputerinterfacewiththeplant'sproductionresources.Asindicatedbythedefinition,theapplicationsofcomputer-aidedmanufacturingfallintotwobroadcategories:1.com
7、putermonitoringandcontrol.2.manufacturingsupportapplications.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwocategoriesisfundamentaltoanunderstandingofcomputer-aidedmanufacturing.Inadditiontotheapplicationsinvolvingadirectcomputer-processinterface（界而，接口）fbrthepurposeofprocessmonitoringandcontrol,comp
8、utc-aidcdmanufacturingalsoincludesindire
