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1、Unit7TextCBird’sNest–AnArchitecturalBreakthrough1TheBeijingNationalStadium,alsoknownasthebird’snesthoststheopeningandclosingceremoniesoftheBeijingOlympicGamesandParalympicsGames,thetrackandfieldcompetitions,andthefootballfinals.AftertheOlympics,thestadiumwillbecomealarge
2、-scalesportsandentertainmentfacilityfortheresidentsofBeijing--anarchitecturallandmarkandOlympiclegacy.2LocatedatthesouthernpartoftheOlympicGreeninBeijing,theNationalStadium,occupyinganareaof21hectares,hasafloorspaceof258,000squaremeters.Itsseatingcapacityamountsto91,000,
3、including11,000temporaryseats.3In2002Governmentofficialsengagedarchitectsworldwideinadesigncompetition.PritzkerPrize-winningarchitectsHerzog&deMeuroncollaboratedwithArupSportandChinaArchitectureDesign&ResearchGrouptowinthecompetition.4ThemainbodyoftheNationalStadiumhasad
4、esignlifeof100years.Itsfireresistancecapabilityisfirst-rate,anditcanwithstandaneight-magnitudeearthquake.Thewater-resistancecapabilityofitsundergroundprojectisalsofirst-rate.5ThemainbodyoftheNationalStadiumisacolossalsaddle-shapedellipticsteelstructureweighing42,000tons.
5、Itis333meterslongfromnorthtosouth,294meterswidefromeasttowest,and69meterstall.6Structuralelementsmutuallysupporteachotherandconvergeintoagridformation,justlikeabird’snestwithinterlockingbranchesandtwigs.Beingaseven-storyshearwallsystem,thestadium’sstandhasaconcreteframew
6、ork.Theupperpartofthestandandthestadium’ssteelstructureareseparatedfromeachother,butbotharebasedonajointfooting.TheroofoftheNationalStadiumiscoveredbyadouble-layermembranestructure.AnETFEacousticceilingisattachedtothesidewallsoftheinnerring.7TheNationalStadiumisacomplexs
7、tructure,posinggreatdifficultiesforitsdesignersandconstructors,suchaslargeandheavysteelparts,complexnodaljoints,tightscheduleandclimaticvariation.Theworkershaveovercometremendousengineeringandtechnicalchallengesintheprocessofconstruction.8Thestadium’sappearanceisoneofsyn
8、ergy,withnodistinctionmadebetweenthefacadeandthesuperstructure.Thespatialeffectofthestadiumisnovelandra
