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1、OnWordMeaningsandSenseRelations12级英语D班，赖惠珊，NO.12WordMeaningsWhatisthedefinitionofwordmeanings?Meaningisanotioninsemanticsclassicallydefinedashavingtwocomponents:reference,anythinginthereferentialrealmdenotedbyawordorexpression,andsense,thesystemofparadigmaticandsyntagmaticrelationshipsbetweenalex
2、icalunitandotherlexicalunitsinalanguage.So,wordsmayhavetwonatures:“conventionality”and“motivation”.ConventionalityMostEnglishwordsareconventional,arbitrarysymbols;consequently,thereisnointrinsicrelationbetweenthesymbolanditssense.Thereisnowaytoexplainwhythisorthatsymbolhasthisorthatmeaning.Motiva
3、tionMotivationreferstotheconnectionbetweenwordsymbolanditssense.Fromthepointofviewofmotivation,thegreatmajorityofEnglishwordsareconventional.However,thereisasmallgroupofwordsthatcanbedescribedasmotivated,thatis,adirectconnectionbetweenthesymbolanditssensecanbereallyobserved.Motivationcanariseinth
4、reemajorways:(1).Phoneticmotivation:(onomatopoeicwords)(2).Morphologicalmotivation:(derivation,compounding,conversion)(3).Semanticmotivation:Semanticmotivationreferstomotivationbasedonsemanticfactors.Itisakindofmentalassociation.eg:thelegofatable,astonyheartHerfavoritedishissteak.Hemanagestoearnb
5、read.TherearetwomainTypesofWordMeaning.Wordmeaningismadeupofvariouscomponentswhichareinterrelatedandinterdependent.Thesecomponentsarecommonlydescribedastypesofmeaning.Twomaintypesofwordmeaningaregrammaticalandlexical.GrammaticalmeaningGrammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofmeaningwhichindicatesgramm
6、aticalrelationshipsorconcept,suchasthewordclass,singularandpluralformsofnouns,tensemeaningofverbsandtheirinflectionalforms.Wordswiththesimilarlexicalmeaningcanhavedifferentgrammaticalmeanings,andwordswithdifferentlexicalmeaningscanhavethesamegrammaticalmeaning.Grammaticalmeaningisinuse.Takethefol
7、lowingastheexample,(1).word-class:modern(adj)→modernize(v)→modernization(n)(2).Inlfectionalparadign:cat→catswrite→writes→wrote→written→writingLexicalmeaningLexicalmeaningisthemeaningofanisolatedwordinadictionary.Thisco
