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1、COPYRIGHTNOTICE:EditedbyPaulPierson&ThedaSkocpol:TheTransformationofAmericanPoliticsispublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPressandcopyrighted,©2007,byPrincetonUniversityPress.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,
2、orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher,exceptforreadingandbrowsingviatheWorldWideWeb.Usersarenotpermittedtomountthisfileonanynetworkservers.FollowlinksClassUseandotherPermissions.Formoreinformation,sendemailto:permissions@pupress.princeton.eduChapterOneAm
3、ericanPoliticsintheLongRunPAULPIERSONANDTHEDASKOCPOLOVERTHEPASTHALFCENTURY,governmentandpoliticsintheUnitedStateshavebeentransformed—somuchsothataRipvanWinklewhofellasleepin1957andawokein2007wouldhardlyfeelitwasthesamepolity.EvenasAmericahasachievedanewiftroubledhegemonyininternationalrelati
4、ons,athomethenationalgovernmenthasbecomedirectlyandindirectlyactiveinanunprecedentedlybroadarrayofrealms.MattersthatwereoncetheexclusivepurviewofstateandlocalgovernmentsandprivateactorsarenowshapedinWashington.Politicalpartiesandvoluntaryinstitutionshavealsobeenreorganized,andcitizenattachme
5、ntstopoliticshaveshiftedindramaticways.Amidallofthis,partisanandideologicalbalanceshavebeenupended.Inthe1960sandearly1970s,liberalsandDemocratsbrieflyheldsway,promptingfederalactivismonbehalfofcitizenrightsandeconomicregulation.Subsequently,conservativessuccessfullymobilizedpeopleandideastoco
6、unterliberalpracticesandlimit—or,moreoften,refocusandredirect—activistgovernment.Thisbookaimstoprobetheseprofounddomesticpoliticalchangesandtheirconsequences.Bytakingalong-termperspective,wemakevisiblelarge-scaletransformationsthattoooftendisappearinnarrowershort-termstudiesofAmericanpolitic
7、s.Indoingso,wedepartfromthosewhobelievethateverythingchangedindomesticpoliticsfollowingSeptember11,2001.Thetragic,unanticipatedattacksofthatdaycertainlyhadimportantpartisaneffects—initiallystrengtheningthepresidencyofGeorgeW.Bushandenhancingthesway
