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1、Crime,LawandSocialChange16:155-175,1991.91991KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedintheNetherlands.CrimeandthetransformationofcapitalismJAMESPETRAS1andCHRISTIANDAVENPORT21DepartmentofSociology,2DepartmentofPoliticalScience,SUNY,Binghampton,U.S.A.Abstract.Thisstudyinvestigatesfa
2、ctorsthatenhancecriminalbehavior.Typically,explanationsforincreasingcrimeratesdiscussvariousfamilialandcommunityattributes;i.e.,singleparenthouseholdsandpovertyrates.Whencrimehasincreased,theseattributesarecitedasbeingre-sponsible.Thiswebelieveisanincorrectassumption.Inpart
3、icular,wearguethefactorsthatarecitedbytheseauthorsmerelyreflecttransformationswithinthegreatereconomicstructure.Asaresult,thefamilialandcommunityattributessuggestedascausingcrimeareseenasinterveningvariables;whichareeitherattentuatedoramplifiedintheirabilitytocontrolcrimina
4、lbehaviorbytheconditionoftheeconomyitself.Withinthisstudy,fiveurbancities(NewYork,Detroit,Ne-wark,Boston,andPhiladelphia)areobservedoveratwentyeightyearperiod.Structuralchangeismeasuredbyindustrialemploymentandcrimeismeasuredbythreeindices:burglary,robberyandmurder.Ourinves
5、tigationrevealsastrongrelationshipbetweendecliningindustrialemploy-mentandincreasingcrimerates.Inaddition,wefindthatthemagnitudeofthisrelationshipissub-jecttovariation.Thisvariationisdependentuponwhetherornottheindustrialdeclineexperi-encedwassteadyorvacilatingbetweenhighan
6、dlowlevels.Thesefindingssupportthecontentionthatfamilialunitsandothercommunalorganizationsaremerelyinterveningvariablesbetweenlarge-scalestructuralchangesandcriminalbehavior.Moreover,itsuggeststhatunlessanti-crimeefforts(increasingthesizeofthepoliceforces,increasingstateexp
7、endituresforlawenforcement,etc.)areaccompaniedbystrategiesofindustrialreorganization,theywillhavenoimpactonre-ducingcrimerates.IntroductionForover20yearseverymajorpoliticalfigureintheUnitesStateshasdeclaredthespiralingcrimerateisAmerica'smostsignificantdomesticproblem.Ac-co
8、mpanyingritualisticdeclarationsofconcern,politicalandcivicleadershavefocusedtheira
