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1、14.452EconomicGrowth:Lecture13,DirectedTechnologicalChangeDaronAcemogluMITDecember13,2011.DaronAcemoglu(MIT)EconomicGrowthLecture13December13,2011.1/71DirectedTechnologicalChangeIntroductionIntroductionThusfarhavefocusedonasingletypeoftechnologicalchange(e.g
2、.,Hicks-neutral).But,technologicalchangeisoftennotneutral:1Bene…tssomefactorsofproductionandsomeagentsmorethanothers.Distributionale¤ectsimplysomegroupswillembracenewtechnologiesandothersopposethem.2Limitingtoonlyonetypeoftechnologicalchangeobscuresthecompet
3、inge¤ectsthatdeterminethenatureoftechnologicalchange.Directedtechnologicalchange:endogenizethedirectionandbiasofnewtechnologiesthataredevelopedandadopted.DaronAcemoglu(MIT)EconomicGrowthLecture13December13,2011.2/71BiasedTechnologicalChangeImportanceSkill-bi
4、asedtechnologicalchangeOverthepast60years,theU.S.relativesupplyofskillshasincreased,but:1therehasalsobeenanincreaseinthecollegepremium,and2thisincreaseacceleratedinthelate1960s,andtheskillpremiumincreasedveryrapidlybeginninginthelate1970s.Standardexplanation
5、:skillbiastechnicalchange,andanaccelerationthatcoincidedwiththechangesintherelativesupplyofskills.Importantquestion:skillbiasisendogenous,so,whyhastechnologicalchangebecomemoreskillbiasedinrecentdecades?DaronAcemoglu(MIT)EconomicGrowthLecture13December13,201
6、1.3/71BiasedTechnologicalChangeImportanceSkill-biasedtechnologicalchangeCollegewagepremiumRel.supplyofcollegeskills.8.6.6.5.4.4.2CollegewagepremiumRel.supplyofcollegeskills.3039495969798996yearRelativeSupplyofCollegeSkillsandCollegePremiumFigure:DaronAcemogl
7、u(MIT)EconomicGrowthLecture13December13,2011.4/71BiasedTechnologicalChangeImportanceUnskill-biasedtechnologicalchangeLate18thandearly19thunskill-bias:“Firstin…rearms,theninclocks,pumps,locks,mechanicalreapers,typewriters,sewingmachines,andeventuallyinengines
8、andbicycles,interchangeablepartstechnologyprovedsuperiorandreplacedtheskilledartisansworkingwithchiseland…le.”(Mokyr1990,p.137)Whywastechnologicalchangeunskilled-biasedthenandskilled-biasednow?D
