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1、EmbeddingsustainabilityinthedesignofwatersupplyanddrainagesystemsforbuildingsAbstractInaddressingsustainabilityissuesforthebuiltenvironment,focusisoftendirectedtowardsminimisingenergyconsumptionandmaterialuse.Oftenforgottenhowever,isthepotentialfortheinte
2、grationofsustainablesolutionswhendesigningwaterandwastemanagementsystemsforbuildings.Thefundamentalfunctionsofsuchsystemsareclearlyrecognised,buttraditionaldesignprinciplesoftenconstrainopportunitiesforperformanceenhancementandforwaterandpipeworkeconomies
3、.Toanextent,thisisunsurprising,giventhebasicpremisethatsteady-stateanalysisofflowsunderpinsmanyofthecodesandguidelinesusedworldwide.However,advancesinsimulationmethodsmeanthatsystemperformanceresultingfromtheuseofnewtechniquesandfromtheintegrationofinnova
4、tiveandmoresustainabledesignapproachescannowbefullyassessed.Thispaperprovidesanoverviewofthewatersupplyanddrainagesystemsforbuildingswhoseperformancehasbeenassessedthroughthedevelopment,atHeriot–WattUniversity,ofasuiteofnumericalsimulationmodels.Thesemode
5、lsaccuratelypredict,usingappropriateformsoftheSt.Venantequations,thepressureandflowregimewithinsuchsystemsbyapplyingtheMethodofCharacteristicsfinitedifferencetechnique.Thepaperprovidesthreedifferentexamplesofapplication,wherethefocusofeachisonembeddingsus
6、tainabilityindesign.1.IntroductionInprovidingwatersupplyandwastemanagementsystemsforbuildings,itisessentialthatperformanceisassured.Keyfunctionsencompass:theprovisionofpotablewaterandthatrequiredforbasichygiene;theremovalofwaterthathasbeencontaminatedwith
7、wasteproducts;andtheprovisionofaphysicalbarrierbetweenthepotentiallyharmfulmiasmapresentindrainpipesandsewersandthehabitablespace.Itisalsoimportantthatthebuildingusestobestbenefit,anyimpingingrainwateraswellasanyresultantwastewater,thusreducingunnecessary
8、wastageandlimitingtheloadingonseweranddrainagenetworksand/orcollectionsystems.Sustainabilityshouldunderpindesigntheoryineachoftheseaspectsthroughlimitingwatersupplyandconsumption,andthroughreducingmaterialuse,costan
