英语词源字典 Y

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1、-y(3)suffixinpetpropernames(e.g.Johnny,Kitty),firstrecordedinScottish,c.1400;becamefrequentinEng.15c.-16c.Extensiontosurnamesseemstodatefromc.1940.UsewithcommonnounsseemstohavebeguninScot.withladdie(1546)andbecomepopularinEng.duetoBurns'poems,butthesameformationappears

2、toberepresentedmuchearlierinbabyandpuppy.-y(1)nounsuffix,inarmy,city,country,etc.,fromO.Fr.-e,L.-atus,-atum,pp.suffixofverbsofthefirstconjugation.Invictory,history,etc.itrepresentsL.-ia,Gk.-ia.-y(2)adj.suffix,"fulloforcharacterizedby,"fromO.E.-ig,fromP.Gmc.*-iga(cf.Ger

3、.-ig),cognatewithGk.-ikos,L.-icus.Yalate-developingletterinEng.CalledipsiloninGer.,upsiloninGk.,theEng.nameisofobscureorigin.Thesoundatthebeginningofyard,yes,yield,etc.isfromO.E.wordswithinitialg-asingotandy-asinyet,whichwereconsideredthesamesoundandoftentranscribedasa

4、characterthatlookssomethinglike3(butwithaflattopandloweronthelineoftext),knownasyogh.ThesystemwasalteredbyFr.scribes,whobroughtoverthecontinentaluseof-g-andfromtheearly1200sused-y-andsometimes-gh-toreplace3.There'sagood,in-depthdiscussionofyoghhere.AsshortforYMCA,YWCA,

5、YMHAfirstrecorded1915.y'all1909,U.S.dial.abbreviationofyouall(seeyou).y-perfectiveprefix,iny-clept,etc.;adeliberatearchaism,introducedbySpenserandhisimitators,representinganauthenticM.E.prefix,fromO.E.ge-,originallymeaning"with,together"butlateracompletiveorperfectivee

6、lement,fromP.Gmc.*ga-.ItisstilllivinginGer.andDu.ge-,andsurvives,disguised,insomeEng.words(e.g.alike,aware).yacht1557,yeaghe"alight,fast-sailingship,"probablyfromNorw.jaght,fromM.L.G.jacht,shortenedformofjachtschip"fastpirateship,"lit."shipforchasing,"fromjacht"chase,"

7、fromjagen"tochase,hunt,"fromO.H.G.jagon,fromP.Gmc.*jagojanan.yack(v.)"totalk,tochatter,"slang,1950,probablyechoic(cf.Australianslangyacker"talk,conversation,"1882).Yacketyisrecordedfrom1953.yadda-yadda"andsoon,"1990s,ofechoicorigin(cf.yatata"talkidly,chatter,"1940s;and

8、yatter"totalkincessantlyoridly,"1825).yahoo"abruteinhumanform,"1726,fromtheraceofbrutishhumancreaturesinSwift's"Gulli