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1、第八讲长句的翻译大量使用长句结构是科技英语的特点之一。长句是指含有较多或相当长的词组定语，词组状语等的简单句，或含有数量较多相当长的各种从句的主从复合句及等立复合句。英语一句话可以表达好几层意思，而汉语习惯用一个小句表一层意思。由此，译长句时，必须抓住全句的中心内容，弄清各部分之间的关系，分清上下层次及前后联系，然后按照汉语的表达方式，正确地传达原文含义。长句拆译的方法常用的有以下几种：1、顺序法：长句的顺序与汉语相同时，可以按英语原文的顺序，依次译出。例1：Bringingmorewatertotheland,improvingthesoil,providingplan
2、tnutrients,teachingthefarmerbetterculturalpractices,givinghimmoreefficienttools,etccannotyieldmaximumresultsunlesstheplantsundercultivationareabletorespondfullytotheimprovedenvironmentandpractices.例2：Theglobaleconomythatboomedinthe1960s,growingatanaverageof5.5percentayear,andpushedaheadat
3、a4.5percent-a-yearrateinthemid-1970s,simplystoppedgrowingin1981-1982.例3：Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.例4：Typically,whenacustomerplacesanorder,thatorderbeginsamostl
4、ypaper-basedjourneyfromin-baskettoin-basketaroundthecompany,oftenbeingkeyedandrekeyedintodifferentdepartmentscomputersystemsalongtheway.二、逆序法由于英语惯用前置性陈述，先果后因；而汉语相反，一般先因后果，层层递进，最后综合，点出主题。处理这类句子，宜先从后面译起，自下而上，随着英语原文的顺序翻译。例1：Inreality,thelinesofdivisionbetweensciencesarebecomingblurred,andsci
5、enceagainapproachingthe“unity”thatithadtwocenturiesago-althoughtheaccumulatedknowledgeisenormouslygreaternow,andnoonepersoncanhopetocomprehendmorethatafractionofit.例2：Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurebecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements---themselv
6、esmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.6例3：Astudentofmathematicsmustbecomefamiliarwithallthesignsandsymbolscommonlyusedinmathematicsandbeartheminmindfirmly,andbewellversedinthedefinitions,formulasaswellasthetechnicaltermsinthefieldofmathematics,inorderthathemaybeabletobuildu
7、pthefoundationofthemathematicalsubjectandmasteritwellforpersuingadvancedstudy.例4：Theglobalrecession,aperiodofslowornoeconomicgrowthstretchingbackto1979,“hasbeguntoresemblethegreatdepressionofthe1930s”,Development,ledbyformerwestGermanchancelorWillyBrandt,pronounceda
