THEWRECKREMOVALCONVENTION-TransportCanada该残骸清除公约-加拿大运输

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1、“SHIPSONTHEROCKS”TheNairobiInternationalConventionontheRemovalofWrecks,2007MarkA.M.Gauthier,GeneralCounselMaritimeLawSecretariatTransportCanadaLegalServicesMaritimeSymposium20082FUNDAMENTALPREMISEStates,especiallythoseborderingonmajornavigationallanes,expressedseriousconcernsaboutal

2、ackofclearauthorityininternationallawtointerveneonwrecksintheirEEZ,wherethewreckisonlyanobstacletonavigationwithoutalsoposingathreattotheenvironmentorrelatedinterestsoftheStates3TheadoptionofabindinginternationalinstrumentconsistentwiththeprinciplesofUNCLOSandwithcustomaryinternatio

3、nallawwasperceivedasthesolutiontotheproblem4THEGENESISOFTHECONVENTIONThesubjectofwreckremovalfirstappearedontheagendaoftheLegalCommitteein1972attheinstanceofLiberiaandtheComitéMaritimeInternational(CMI)FollowingthecompletionofpriorityworkmandatedbytheIMOGoverningBodiesovertheyearscu

4、lminatingwithSUA(2005)theLegalCommitteerevertedtoworkinearnestonwreckremoval,buildingontheeffortsoftheUK,NetherlandsandGermanythatspearheadedcontinuingworkonthisproject5TheworkculminatedintheadoptionoftheNairobiInternationalConventionontheRemovalofWrecks,2007(theConvention)byadiplom

5、aticconferenceon18May20076THEEVOLUTIONOFTHECONVENTION:DYNAMICSOFCOMPETINGNATIONALINTERESTSThereweretwomainissuesofprincipledebatedattheLegalCommitteeandatthediplomaticconference:1.Whatshouldbethegeographicscopeofapplication?OpinionwasdividedbetweenStatesthatfavoured:aConventionthat

6、appliesonlytotheEEZofaStateParty7aConventionthatappliesmandatorilytotheEEZofaStatePartyand“optionally”toaStateParty’sterritoryincludingtheterritorialseamandatoryapplicationtoboththeEEZandtheterritoryincludingtheterritorialseaofaStateParty82.TowhichwrecksshouldtheConventionapply?some

7、StatesconsideredthattheConventionshouldapplyonlytowrecksthatposeadangerorimpedimenttonavigationotherStateswereoftheviewthattheConventionshouldalsoapplytowrecksthatposeathreatthatcouldresultinmajorharmfulconsequencestothemarineenvironmentordamagetothecoastlineandrelatedinterests9THEB

8、ASICSCHEMEOFTHECONV