Ethyl诉加拿大政府案例下评析MIA之困境

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1、Ethyl诉加拿大政府案例下评析MIA之困境By袁利民，王倩倩1.CaseName：EthylCorporationvs.Canada2.Facts：InApril1997,theCanadianGovernmentbannedtheinter-provincialtransportandinternationalimportofMMTbecauseofhealthconcerns.EthylCorporation,themakerofMMT,contestedthisbanunderNAFTA.3.Issue：ShouldCanadare

2、scindtheMMTbanandpayEthyl？EthylCorporationvs.Canada4.Decition：CanadarescindtheMMTban,payEthylinexcessof$19million,andtaketheunprecedentedstepofissuingastatementthatMMTwasneitheranenvironmentalnorhealthrisk.EthylCorporationvs.Canada(4a)RULE：NAFTAChapterElevenArticle1102:Nat

3、ionalTreatmentArticle1106:PerformanceRequirementsArticle1110:ExpropriationandCompensationEthylCorporationvs.Canada(4b)APPLICATION-NAFTAArticle1102:thebanwasaviolationofrulesrequiringnationaltreatmentforforeigninvestorsbecauseitbannedimports,butnotlocalproduction-NAFTAArtic

4、le1106:thebanwasa“performancerequirement”forbiddenunderthisarticle,becauseitwouldeffectivelyrequireEthyltobuildafactoryineveryCanadianprovincetocomplywiththetransportbanandmakeanMMTinvestmentinCanada.EthylCorporationvs.Canada-NAFTAArticle1110:CanadianMMTbandecreasedthefutu

5、resalesandstainedthereputationwhichamountedtoaNAFTA-forbiddenexpropriationofitsassets-CanadaconsidersMMTtobeadangeroustoxinbecausethemanganeseinMMTemissionsposesasignificantpublichealthriskinhumans.However,thereisnotenoughscientificevidencetosupportMMT’snegativehealtheffec

6、ts.EthylCorporationvs.Canada(4c)CONCLUSIONCanadashouldrescindtheMMTban,andpayEthyl.NAFTA和MAI之共同困境1.投资者诉国家争端解决机制2.出于人类健康和环境保护的“征收”不得“滥用”3.挑战国家相关立法主权建议1.对投资者诉国家的权利进行限制Eg：对标的物的价值总额，数量以及行业投资者的数量规定下限2.加强对东道国保护Eg：国民待遇；征收的例外保留；业绩要求Thanks!From:Season