The Grammar of Demonstratives in

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1、TheGrammarofDemonstrativesinMandarinConversationalDiscourse:ACaseStudyHongyinTaoPresentedbyCheWeiChang1.IntroductionProximaldemonstrativeZhe/zhei(這)Zhe-li(這裡),zhe-xie(這些)DistaldemonstrativeNa/nei(那/內)Na-li(那裡),na-xie(那些)Question:Whatfactorsdeterminethediffer

2、entusesofthetwoformsinthecommunicativecontext?Concernsofthispaper:DiscoursalusesofdemonstrativesinnaturalMandarinconversationsNotmerelyindicatingthedistanceoftheobjecttothespeakerDatabaseA30minutesconversationThreeChinesestudentsAboutanincident157demonstra

3、tivesintotal2.TraditionalTreatmentofDemonstrativesDemonstratives:usuallyreferredtoasdeixis/daiksis/(Fillomore1975,Levinson1983…)Earlierstudiesofdemonstratives:Physical/spatialaspectsFillmore:thedistancedifferentiationfunctionofdemonstrativesareessentialandthe

4、notherfunctions(identificationfunction…)Contrastingtheory:Hank(1989,1990,1992):Deixis(demonstratives)servemanyfunctionsSpatialdistanceinmanycasesisirrelevantInChineselinguistictradition:Demonstratives:contrastinginspatialdistanceOnlyspeakeratthecenterZhe:t

5、hingsclosetothespeaker;Na:farfromthespeakerBUTasin(1)and(2)(1)Y:…後來我就問他了。…我說,..(2)(explaintootherparticipantswhythepoliceofficeraskedhimwhethertheoldmanhadthreatenedhim)Y:我跟那老頭坐在一起啊。3.DiscourseApproachestoDemonstrativesTwodiscourseapproachesarediscu

6、ssed:Kirsner(1979)Hanks(1989,1990,1992)Kirsner:ChallengestheconceptionofDemons.(zhe/na)asmerelycontrastinginspatialdistanceNotionsofhigh/lowdeixisaremoreaccurateDemonstrativesareINSTRUMENTAL:Directhearers’attentionNotmerelyindicatingthedistancebetweenrefe

7、rred‘object’and‘speaker’DiscourseinteractionalmotivationsVS.SpatialdistanceHanks:Theindexicalcontextofdeixisisdynamic,notfixedDegreeofsaliency:Proximal:moresalient/moreaccessible/concreteDistal:lesssalient/vagueSummary:Deixis/demonstratives:intimatelyrelat

8、edtointeractionThechoiceofdeiticforms:ConcretespatialdistanceOther(interaction…)4.TheoreticalConcepts4.1UsageTypesofDemonstrativesinDiscourse(fourkindsofuses)Situa