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1、EnvironmentandPlanningA2010,volume42,pages1383^1402doi:10.1068/a42151SpatialstructureandproductivityinUSmetropolitanareasEvertJMeijersDelftUniversityofTechnology,OTBResearchInstitutefortheBuiltEnvironment,POBox5030,2600GADelft,TheNetherlands;e-mail:e.j
2、.meijers@tudelft.nlMartijnJBurgerDepartmentofAppliedEconomicsandERIM,ErasmusUniversityRotterdam,POBox1738,3000DRRotterdam,TheNetherlands;e-mail:mburger@ese.eur.nlReceived24April2009;inrevisedform4December2009Abstract.Recentconceptssuchas`megaregions'an
3、d`polycentricurbanregions'emphasizethatexternaleconomiesarenotconfinedtoasingleurbancore,butaresharedamongacollectionofnearbyandlinkedcities.However,empiricalanalysesofagglomerationandagglomerationexternal-itieshavesofarneglectedthemulticentricspatialo
4、rganizationofagglomerationandthepossibilityofthe`sharing'or`borrowing'ofsizebetweencities.Theauthorstakeupthisempiricalchallengebyanalyzinghowdifferentspatialstructures,inparticularthemonocentricity^polycentricitydimension,affecttheeconomicperformanceo
5、fUSmetropolitanareas.Ordinaryleastsquaresandtwo-stageleast-squaresmodelsexplaininglaborproductivityshowthatspatialstructurematters:polycentricityisassociatedwithhigherlaborproductivity.Thisappearstojustifysuggestionsthat,comparedwithmoremonocentricmetr
6、opolitanareas,agglomerationdiseconomiesremainrelativelylimitedinthemorepolycentricmetropolitanareas,whereasagglomerationexternalitiesaretosomeextentsharedamongthecitiesinsuchanarea.However,itwasalsofoundthatanetworkofgeographicallyproximatesmallercitie
7、scannotsubstitutefortheurbanizationexternalitiesofasinglelargecity.1IntroductionSlowlybutsteadily,theimageofthecityhaschangeddramaticallyoverthelastcenturyandahalf.Theindustrialimageofacityöasbeingcomposedofanurbancoreandaruralhinterlandöhasbecomeincre
8、asinglyobsolete.Advancesintransportinfrastruc-tureandrisinglevelsofcarownershiphavefuelledaprocessofdecentralizationandsuburbanization,initiallyofpeople,butlaterfollowedbyjobs(Boarnet,1994).However,thistrenddoesnotstopwiththeestablishme
