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1、AbstractsoftheCollectedWorksofC.G.JungVolumeX:CivilizationinTransition000301Theroleoftheunconscious.In:Jung,C.,CollectedWorksofC.G.Jung,Vol.10.2nded.,PrincetonUniversityPress,1970.609p.(p.3-28).Theunconsciousisdiscussednotasamerepsychologicalconstructbutr
2、atherasanintegralpartofman'spsyche,historyandworldview.Theterm"unconscious"wasatfirstspurnedbyexperimentalpsychologistswhobelievedthateverythingpsychicwasconscious.Medicalmentreatingsevereformsofpsychopathology,however,foundtheunconscioustobeausefulconstr
3、uct.Onthebasisofempiricalfindings,theconceptoftheunconsciousasthesumtotalofallrepresseddesiresandforgottenmemoriesgraduallytookform.AlthoughFreud'sobservationthatmostoftherepresssedcontentofconsciousnesshastodowithsexualityisaccepted,histheorythatsexualit
4、yisthefundamentalinstinctandactivatingprincipleofthepsycheisrejectedasanantiquated,reductionist,singleforcedapproachtoanexplanationoftheunconscious.Itissuggestedthatsuchtheoriesshouldbereplacedbytheviewthatpsychologicalprocessesderivefromalibidinalenergys
5、ourcethatsimply"is."Thepsycheisheldtobenomoreexplainablethanlife.Theunconsciousisdividedintothepersonalandthecollectiveunconscious:thepersonalunconsciousconsistsentirelyofmaterialacquiredduringtheindividual'slifewhereasthecollectiveunconsciousisthepsychic
6、equivalentoftheinheritedbrainstructure.Notonlydoestheunconsciousstorerepressedmaterial,butitalsohasacompensatoryfunction:anycomplexofexperiencesystematicallydeniedbyconsciousnesswillbuildupintheunconsciousandeventuallyforceitswayintoconsciousness,thuscomp
7、ensatingforanyonesidednessofconsciousmaterial.Theunconsciousisalsoseentohaveasymbolcreatingfunctioninthatitisthewellspringofinstinctandintuition.Evidenceoftheworkingofthesetwofunctions,compensationandsymbolcreation,areseennotonlyintheindividualbutinsociet
8、iesandnations.TheFrenchRevolutionandthedeclineofRomeareusedasexamplesoftheiroccurrenceonthenationallevel.000302Mindandearth.In:Jung,C.,CollectedWorksofC.G.Jung,Vol.10.2nded.,PrincetonUniversityPress,1970.609p.(p.29-
