medical and demographic history-inseparable

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1、SocialHistoryofMedicineVol.20,No.3pp.483503MedicalandDemographicHistory:Inseparable?RobertWoods*Summary.Thecaseismadeforformsofmedicalhistorythatfocusexplicitlyonsickness,healthandlifechances;onesthatexploretheeffectsofhealthinterventionsbyexaminingtheirimpactonmor-talityrisks.Usingaserieso

2、fexamplesdrawnfromenvironmentalhealth,midwiferyandobstetriccare,thepaperillustratesvariouswaysinwhichlong-termtrendsinhealthandmortalitymaybereadtogether.Butitalsodemonstrateshowfraughtwithproblemsofdescriptionandinterpretationthisprocessislikelytobe.Finally,apleaismadeforevidence-basedmedi

3、calhistorywhereprogress,outcomesandresultsaregivenprivilegedpositions.Keywords:healthimpactassessment;mortalitydifferentials;sickness;publichealth;midwifery;fetalmortality;maternalmortality;historicaldemography;evidence-basedmedicalhistoryThatpartofmedicalhistoryconcernedwithillnessandhealt

4、hisobligedtoconsidercon-sequences;theimpactofmedicalinterventionsonlifechances.Healthimpactassessment(HIA)needstooccupyacentralpositioninmedicalhistory,justasitdoesincontemporarymedicalpractice.Thispapermakesthecaseforsucharepositionedmedicalhistoryand1foritsalliancewithdemographichistory.I

5、tdemonstratesthatclosereadingsofhealthandmortalityareessential,needtobeconductedinconjunctionwithoneanother,butarerarelystraightforward.Foursetsofexampleswillbeemployedtosupportthecase.Thefirstusesarecentreviewofmedicalhistoryasapositioningdevice.Thesecondfocusesonhowonemightusemortalitytoas

6、sesshealthorsickness,whilethethirdlooksatworkontheenvironmentandpublichealth.Thefourthsetofexamplesusesresearchonlong-termchangesinmaternal,infantandfetalmortalitytoaskhow,inthesespecialcases,onemightbegintoestablishtheroleofmedicine.BadMedicineDavidWoottonsBadMedicine:DoctorsDoingHarmSince

7、Hippocrates(2006)providesaconvenientstartingpointforabackwardlookatdevelopmentsinmedicalhistoryduring*DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofLiverpool,LiverpoolL697ZT,UK.E-mail:riwoods@liv.ac.uk1Itisalwaysinterestingtolookbackonhowdisciplinesdevelopandhowapar