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ID:39716078
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时间:2019-07-09
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1、第二章財務管理基本理論參考資料:Leeect.Chap2-TheoryofFinancialManagement1企業的經理人員負責計畫(planning)、執行(implementing)、控制(考核,controlling)三種經濟行為—生產(production)、運銷(marketing)與財務(financing)管理(+人事,personnel)財務經理的職責—負責目標的設定、發現及分析問題、做決策、執行並負責企業的財政庶務,其範圍包含生產與運銷事務2企業管理目標(ManagementGoal)—最大利潤(Profitmaximization)timingrisk&uncerta
2、inly(時效性?風險與不確定性?)—ProfitMax.之二大缺失↓↓↓第三、四章知道機率不知機率3企業風險(BusinessRisk):與企業特性有關的獲利變動農企業風險—氣候、病蟲害、價格變動AgriBusinessRisk-(i)technicalrisk:weather,disease-(ii)marketrisk:priceprobilityexpectedreturnmeanFGGhashigherexpectedreturn&riskGorFispreferred?04財務風險(FinancialRisk):非自有資本的運用所帶來的風險。—要籌資多少自己的、借的?lever
3、age=(nonequitycapital—borrowing,leasing,otherarrangementorcontracts)(interests)(rent)(obligations)leverage↑→risk↑Ifrateorreturn>costofusingnonequitycapital,leverage↑→profit↑,butatthesametime,risk↑5Keyelementsoffinancialgoal:profitability,risk&liquidity(timing)目標-風險與報酬(risk&return)兼顧-utilitymaximiza
4、tion6MeasurementofBusinessRisk:VarianceRisk--ReturnTrade-off1.coefficientofvariationCV=V/E愈小愈好2.highestlowerboundL=E-2V愈高愈好789therisk-returnbasisforchoice:I1more“conservative”decisionmaker(I)—prefersAlessriskaverser(I’)—prefersBrequiredrateofreturnriskaverseriskneutralriskriskpreferringI2I3I’1I’2I’
5、3BA‧‧10Risk-reducingStrategy(風險分散策略):Diversification:HoldingcombinationsofinvestmentPortfolioTheory(投資組合理論):ρ=0ρ<0(其實ρ≠1即可)↑↑Ifreturnstendtobeindependentornegativelycorrelated,diversificationwillgenerallybedesirable.∵thecoefficientofvariation(CV=V/E)forthe“portfolio”willlikelybelessthanthatassociat
6、edwitheachindividualinvestment-the“portfolioeffect”Diversificationasarisk–reducingstrategybecomesmoreeffectiveasthecovariation(i.e.correlation)amonginvestmentsislower11※coefficientofcorrelation(ρ):-1<ρ<11213CombinationsofcropsAandBwillalwaysdominatecompletespecializationinoneortheother,aslongasther
7、eturnsfromthetwoarelessthanperfectlycorrelated(ρ≠1).100%AVI’2EI’1I1I2100%BComparativelyconservative‧‧14Portfolioselectionforriskyassets:15Appendix:portfolioselectionwithrisk-freeassetsI’1capitalmarketline(t
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