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1、THEABAZIANSTheself-designationisAbaza,whichishowtheyareknownbytheneighbouringnationsoftheCherkess,AdyghiansandKabardians.TheAbkhazknowthemasashvy.AbazabelongstotheAbkhazo-AdyghiangroupoftheCaucasianlanguages.ItisclosetoAbkhaz,butcontainsalsoelementscharacteristicofKabardian.Ofall
2、languagesspokenintheformerUSSR,Abazaphoneticsareconsideredthemostdifficult.TheAbazalanguageisdividedintotwodialectscorrespondingtothetwokinshipcommunitiesTapantaandShkaraua.Therearefivesubdialects:Abazakt,Apsua,Kubin-Elburgan,KuvinandPsyzh-Krasnovostok.ThehabitatoftheAbazianslies
3、inthefoothillsofthemainrangeoftheGreatCaucasianmountainsontheupperreachesoftheBigandLittleZelenchuk,KubanandKumarivers.MostoftheAbazianpeoplelivein13villagesoftheKarachay-CherkessAutonomousArea,StavropolDistrict,butsomeofthemlivescatteredinKabardinian,NogayandAdyghianvillages.Two
4、AbazavillagesaresituatednearKislovodsk.Populationdataexistsonlysincetheendofthe19thcentury:（自19世纪以来的人口数据表格）Thedataisindicativeofacontinuousgrowthinpopulationandaratherhigh,althoughdecreasing,numberofmothertonguespeakers.AnthropologicallytheAbaziansbelongtotheBalkano-Caucasianrace
5、andbearthefeaturesofthePonticandCaucasiantype.Theyhaverelativelylightskin,aroundheadandareofmediumstature.ThereligionoftheAbaziansisSunniteIslam,embracedinthe17th--18thcenturiestoreplaceChristianity.YetboththeearlierChristianityandthelaterIslamareheavilymixedwithpagancustomsandbe
6、liefstheinfluenceofwhichcanbeobservedeventoday.TheethnologicaldevelopmentoftheAbazianpeopleresemblesthatoftheAbkhazpeople.Bothpeoplesaredescendedfromtheproto-AbkhaztribeswhointhefirstmilleniumBCinhabitedanareaneartheBlackSea(fromthepresent-dayTuapsetoSukhumi).Bythe8thcenturyfourd
7、ifferenttribalgroupings(Apsil,Abazg,Svanig,Misimian)hadproducedtheAbkhazandbythe8th--9thcenturiestheAbazapeople.ThecentralpartinthedevelopmentoftheAbaziansisconsideredtobelongtotheAbazgitribelivinginthenorthwesternpartofAbkhaziafromtheBsybrivertothepresent-dayTuapse.Theterritoryr
8、emainedhomefortheAbazauntilthe13thcentur
