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1、PHILIPK.DICKCaptiveMarketPhilipK.Dickisanotheroutstandingwriterofshortfictionwhoseworkatthislengthhasbeenignoredbecauseofhismorefamousnovels,suchastheHugoAward-winningTheManintheHighCastle.Heenjoysahighreputationamongacademicandother"serious"criticsofsciencefi
2、ctionandisparticularlywellknowninEasternandWesternEurope.Dickhasalwaysstressedtheambiguousnatureof"reality"inhiswork,andthistrendhasintensifiedinrecentyears.Webster'sSeventhdefinesmonopolyas"exclusiveownershipthroughlegalprivilege,commandofsupply,orconcertedac
3、tion."Toaconsiderableextent,moderncorporatecapitalismwasbuiltonmonopolyandmonopolisticpractices.Butmonopoly,especiallyintermsof"commandofsupply,"canalsobesituational.Iftheconditionsareright,anindividualwiththeproperskillsandresourcescanfindhim/herselfincontrol
4、ofawell-definedmarketwhosemembershavenoalternativebuttodobusiness.Saturdaymorning,abouteleveno'clock,Mrs.EdnaBerthelsonwasreadytomakeherlittletrip.Althoughitwasaweeklyaffair,consumingfourhoursofhervaluablebusinesstime,shemadetheprofitabletripalone,preservingfo
5、rherselftheintegrityofherfind.Becausethatwaswhatitwas.Afind,astrokeofincredibleluck.Therewasnothingelselikeit,andshehadbeeninbusinessfifty-threeyears.More,iftheyearsinherfather'sstorewerecounted-buttheydidn'treallycount.Thathadbeenfortheexperience(herfathermad
6、ethatclear);nopaywasinvolved.Butitgavehertheunderstandingofbusiness,thefeelofoperatingasmallcountrystore,dustingpencilsandunwrappingflypaperandservingupdriedbeansandchasingthecatoutofthecrackerbarrelwhereheRedtosleep.Nowthestorewasold,andsowasshe.Thebig,heavys
7、et,blackbrowedmanwhowasherfatherhaddiedlongago;herownchildrenandgrandchildrenhadbeenspawned,hadcreptoutovertheworld,wereeverywhere.Onebyonetheyhadappeared,livedinWalnutCreek,sweatedthroughthedry,sun-bakedsummers,andthengoneon,leavingonebyoneastheyhadcome.Shean
8、dthestoresaggedandsettledalittlemoreeachyear,becamealittlemorefrailandstemandgrim.Alittlemorethemselves.ThatmorningveryearlyJackiesaid:"Grandmaw,whereareyougoing?"Althoughheknew,of
