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1、RomanticisminEnglandPrinciplesofRomanticism:1Romanticismwasareactionagainstconvention:Asapoliticalmovement,thisreactionwasreflectedinthenewdemocraticidealsthatopposedmonarchyandfeudalism.Inart,itmeantaturnawayfromNeoclassicismandtheancientmodelsofGreekperfectionandClassicalcorrectness.Philosophi
2、cally,romanticismwouldcontendwithRationalism—thebeliefthattruthcouldbediscernedbylogicandreason.2Romanticismassertedthepoweroftheindividual:Romanticismmarkedaneracharacterizedbyanidealizationoftheindividual.Politically,themovementinfluenceddemocraticidealsandtherevolutionaryprinciplesofsocialequ
3、ality.Philosophically,itmeantthattheideaofobjectiverealitywouldgivewaytosubjectiveexperience;thus,alltruthbecameamatterofhumanperception.Intheartworld,romanticismmarkedafascinationwiththeindividualgenius,andelevatedtheartist,philosopher,andpoetaboveallothers.3Romanticismreflectedadeepappreciatio
4、nofthebeautiesofnature:Fortheromantics,naturewashowthespiritwasrevealedtohumankind.Theromanticphilosophersbelievedinthemetaphysicalorspiritualnatureofreality.Theythoughtthatahigherrealityexistedbehindtheappearanceofthingsinthephysicalworld.Natureappearedtopeopleasamaterialreality;however,because
5、itevokedsuchstrongfeelingsinhumankind,itrevealeditselfascontainingahigher,spiritualtruth.Romanticartiststriedtocaptureintheirartthesamefeelingsnatureinspiredinthem.4Romanticismemphasizedtheimportanceofthesubjectiveexperience:Theromanticsbelievedthatemotionandthesensescouldleadtohighertruthsthane
6、itherreasonortheintellectcould.Romanticssupposedthatfeelings,suchasawe,fear,delight,joy,andwonder,werekeysthatcouldunlockthemysteriesoftheworld.Theresultwasaliteraturethatcontinuallyexploredtheinwardexperiencesoftheself.Theimaginationbecameoneofthehighestfacultiesofhumanperception,foritwasthroug
7、htheimaginationthatindividualscouldexperiencetranscendentorspiritualtruths.5Romanticismwasidealistic:Ononehand,romanticismwasphilosophicallyrootedinidealism.Realityexistedprimarilyintheidealworld—thatis,inthemind—whilethemat