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1、JGHardt，DWSheaDriveaxle/differentialAllvehicleshavesometypeofdriveaxle/differentialassemblyincorporatedintothedriveline.Whetheritisfront,rearorfourwheeldrive,differentialsarenecessaryforthesmoothapplicationofenginepowertotheroad.PowerflowThedriveaxlemusttransmitpowerthrougha90°angle.Theflo
2、wofpowerinconventionalfrontengine/rearwheeldrivevehiclesmovesfromtheenginetothedriveaxleinapproximatelyastraightline.However,atthedriveaxle,thepowermustbeturnedatrightangles(fromthelineofthedriveshaft)anddirectedtothedrivewheels.Thisisaccomplishedbyapiniondrivegear,whichturnsacircularringg
3、ear.Theringgearisattachedtoadifferentialhousing,containingasetofsmallergearsthataresplinedtotheinnerendofeachaxleshaft.Asthehousingisrotated,theinternaldifferentialgearsturntheaxleshafts,whicharealsoattachedtothedrivewheels.11Fig1DriveaxleRear-wheeldriveRear-wheel-drivevehiclesaremostlytru
4、cks,verylargesedansandmanysportscarandcoupemodels.Thetypicalrearwheeldrivevehicleusesafrontmountedengineandtransmissionassemblieswithadriveshaftcouplingthetransmissiontothereardriveaxle.Driveinthroughthelayoutofthebridge,thebridgedriveshaftarrangedverticallyinthesameverticalplane,andnotthe
5、driveaxleshaft,respectively,intheirownsub-actuatorwithadirectconnection,buttheactuatorislocatedatthefrontorthebackoftheadjacentshaftofthetwobridgesisarrangedinseries.Vehiclebeforeandafterthetwoendsofthedrivingforceofthedriveaxle,isthesub-actuatorandthetransmissionthroughthemiddleofthebridg
6、e.Theadvantageisnotonlyareductionofthenumberofdriveshaft,andraisethedrivingaxleofthecommonpartsofeachother,andtosimplifythestructure,reducesthevolumeandquality.11Fig2Rear-wheel-driveaxleSomevehiclesdonotfollowthistypicalexample.SuchastheolderPorscheorVolkswagenvehicleswhichwererearengine,r
7、eardrive.Thesevehiclesusearearmountedtransaxlewithhalfshaftsconnectedtothedrivewheels.Also,somevehicleswereproducedwithafrontengine,reartransaxlesetupwithadriveshaftconnectingtheenginetothetransaxle,andhalfshaftslinkingthetransaxletothedrivewheels.Differential
