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ID:37818028
大小:3.05 MB
页数:47页
时间:2019-05-31
《大学天文学06恒星演化-01》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、恒星在赫罗图上的分布特征主序星蓝超巨星红巨星白矮星恒星的一生2VanGogh:StarryNightV838Mon§6.1主序星的演化1.恒星演化的基本原理恒星在一生的演化中总是试图处于稳定状态(流体静力学平衡和热平衡)。当恒星无法产生足够多的能量时,它们就无法维持热平衡和流体静力学平衡,于是开始演化。恒星的一生就是一部与引力斗争的历史!Russell-Vogt原理如果恒星处于流体静力学平衡和热平衡,而且它的能量来自内部的核反应,它们的结构和演化就完全唯一地由初始质量和化学丰度决定。恒星统计与演化如果相同质量的恒星的演化过程基本相同
2、,在H-R图上恒星的不同类型反映它们处于不同的演化阶段。如果恒星的诞生率和死亡率一致,在H-R图上某一类恒星数目的多少就反映了恒星在该演化阶段所停留时间的长短。2.主序星的演化主序星的性质l均匀的化学组成l核心H燃烧l质量范围:0.08M3、)(M/M)(L/L)-1⊙⊙≈(1010yr)(M/M)-2.5forM>M⊙⊙or(1010yr)(M/M)-2forM4、结束在H-R图上占据的带状区域11124.57x109yrTheevolutionoftheSunonthemainsequence.Asaresultofchangesinitsinternalcomposition,theSunhasbecomelargerandbrighter.Thesolidlineindicatesitsluminosity,thedashedlineitsradius,andthedash-dotlineitseffectivetemperature.Theluminosityandradiuscurv5、esarerelativetopresent-dayvalues.(Bahcall,et.al.Ap.J.,555,990,2001.)13Theexpanding,warming,brighteningSun30%brighter,10%biggerdiameter,slightlyhotter.Thesurfaceofamain-sequencestarliketheSunoccasionallyeruptsinflaresandspots,butforthemostpartthestardoesnotexperiencesud6、den,large-scalechangesinitsproperties.Itsaveragetemperatureremainsfairlyconstantwhileitsluminosityincreasesveryslowlywithtime.TheSunhasroughlythesamesurfacetemperatureasithadwhenitformednearly5billionyearsago,andissome30percentbrighterthanitwasatthattime.14Whathappensa7、fterhydrogenhasbeenexhaustedinthecore?ARedGiant15§6.2恒星主序后的演化当恒星核心区的氢完全耗尽,恒星开始脱离主序。1.类太阳(M~1M)恒星的演化⊙(1)脱离主序——亚巨星支(subgiantbranch)H-R图恒星逐渐向右脱离主序。内部核心H枯竭,He过程核收缩,壳层H燃烧,体积膨胀,表面温度降低。8t»10yr(2)红巨星支(redgiantbranch)H-R图恒星向右上方攀升成为红巨星。内部He核进一步收缩R↓c过程→T↑,核区电子简并c→壳层H燃烧L↑→R↑→T↓→恒星8、包层产生对流→HayashiTrack5t»10yrStructureofARedGiant(3)He闪(heliumflash)H-R图恒星攀升到红巨星支的顶点。内部核心He开始燃烧(T~108K)c过程→T↑(简并→R不变)cc→
3、)(M/M)(L/L)-1⊙⊙≈(1010yr)(M/M)-2.5forM>M⊙⊙or(1010yr)(M/M)-2forM4、结束在H-R图上占据的带状区域11124.57x109yrTheevolutionoftheSunonthemainsequence.Asaresultofchangesinitsinternalcomposition,theSunhasbecomelargerandbrighter.Thesolidlineindicatesitsluminosity,thedashedlineitsradius,andthedash-dotlineitseffectivetemperature.Theluminosityandradiuscurv5、esarerelativetopresent-dayvalues.(Bahcall,et.al.Ap.J.,555,990,2001.)13Theexpanding,warming,brighteningSun30%brighter,10%biggerdiameter,slightlyhotter.Thesurfaceofamain-sequencestarliketheSunoccasionallyeruptsinflaresandspots,butforthemostpartthestardoesnotexperiencesud6、den,large-scalechangesinitsproperties.Itsaveragetemperatureremainsfairlyconstantwhileitsluminosityincreasesveryslowlywithtime.TheSunhasroughlythesamesurfacetemperatureasithadwhenitformednearly5billionyearsago,andissome30percentbrighterthanitwasatthattime.14Whathappensa7、fterhydrogenhasbeenexhaustedinthecore?ARedGiant15§6.2恒星主序后的演化当恒星核心区的氢完全耗尽,恒星开始脱离主序。1.类太阳(M~1M)恒星的演化⊙(1)脱离主序——亚巨星支(subgiantbranch)H-R图恒星逐渐向右脱离主序。内部核心H枯竭,He过程核收缩,壳层H燃烧,体积膨胀,表面温度降低。8t»10yr(2)红巨星支(redgiantbranch)H-R图恒星向右上方攀升成为红巨星。内部He核进一步收缩R↓c过程→T↑,核区电子简并c→壳层H燃烧L↑→R↑→T↓→恒星8、包层产生对流→HayashiTrack5t»10yrStructureofARedGiant(3)He闪(heliumflash)H-R图恒星攀升到红巨星支的顶点。内部核心He开始燃烧(T~108K)c过程→T↑(简并→R不变)cc→
4、结束在H-R图上占据的带状区域11124.57x109yrTheevolutionoftheSunonthemainsequence.Asaresultofchangesinitsinternalcomposition,theSunhasbecomelargerandbrighter.Thesolidlineindicatesitsluminosity,thedashedlineitsradius,andthedash-dotlineitseffectivetemperature.Theluminosityandradiuscurv
5、esarerelativetopresent-dayvalues.(Bahcall,et.al.Ap.J.,555,990,2001.)13Theexpanding,warming,brighteningSun30%brighter,10%biggerdiameter,slightlyhotter.Thesurfaceofamain-sequencestarliketheSunoccasionallyeruptsinflaresandspots,butforthemostpartthestardoesnotexperiencesud
6、den,large-scalechangesinitsproperties.Itsaveragetemperatureremainsfairlyconstantwhileitsluminosityincreasesveryslowlywithtime.TheSunhasroughlythesamesurfacetemperatureasithadwhenitformednearly5billionyearsago,andissome30percentbrighterthanitwasatthattime.14Whathappensa
7、fterhydrogenhasbeenexhaustedinthecore?ARedGiant15§6.2恒星主序后的演化当恒星核心区的氢完全耗尽,恒星开始脱离主序。1.类太阳(M~1M)恒星的演化⊙(1)脱离主序——亚巨星支(subgiantbranch)H-R图恒星逐渐向右脱离主序。内部核心H枯竭,He过程核收缩,壳层H燃烧,体积膨胀,表面温度降低。8t»10yr(2)红巨星支(redgiantbranch)H-R图恒星向右上方攀升成为红巨星。内部He核进一步收缩R↓c过程→T↑,核区电子简并c→壳层H燃烧L↑→R↑→T↓→恒星
8、包层产生对流→HayashiTrack5t»10yrStructureofARedGiant(3)He闪(heliumflash)H-R图恒星攀升到红巨星支的顶点。内部核心He开始燃烧(T~108K)c过程→T↑(简并→R不变)cc→
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