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1、“齿轮轴”零件的机械制造工艺与夹具设计“齿轮轴”零件的机械制造工艺与夹具设计摘要齿轮轴零件的主要作用是支撑回转零件、实现回转运动并传递转矩和动力。齿轮轴具备传动效率高、结构紧凑和使用寿命长等一系列优点,是通用机械特别是工程机械传动中的重要零件之一。齿轮轴加工材料、热处理方式、机械加工工艺过程的优化,将对提高齿轮轴的加工质量及寿命有着重要借鉴意义。本文对某企业提供的“齿轮轴”零件进行了机械制造工艺规程设计和铣键槽专用夹具设计。对于工艺规程设计和夹具设计制订了两套不同的方案,从中甄选出最佳方案。本设计首先分析了齿轮轴零件的作用和加工工艺性,然后进行工艺规程设计,
2、最后是铣键槽专用夹具设计。齿轮轴零件的机械综合性能要求较高,一般选择锻件作为毛坯。合理安排工艺路线,划分加工阶段对保证零件加工质量至关重要。使用夹具可以缩短辅助时间,提高劳动生产率,保证加工精度,稳定加工质量,降低对工人的技术要求,扩大机床工艺范围。本文对所设计的专用夹具进行了精度校核和定位误差分析,对夹具的设计质量也进行了评估。关键词:齿轮轴;工艺分析;工艺规程设计;夹具设计“齿轮轴”零件的机械制造工艺与夹具设计ThemachiningprocessplanningandfixturedesignoftheGearShaftAbstractThemainf
3、unctionofthegearshaftistosupportrotatingparts,achieverotarym-otionandtransfertorqueandpower.Gearshafthasaseriesofadvantages,suchash-ightransmissionefficiency,compactstructure,longservicelifeandsoon.Itisoneoftheimportantpartsinthegeneralmachinery,particularlytheengineeringmachineryt
4、ransmission.Theoptimizationofthegearshaft’smachiningmaterials,thermaltreatm-entmethodandmachiningprocesswillhavegreatsignificanceonthemachiningqual-ityofthegearshaftandtheservicelife.Thispaperdiscussedthemachinerymanufa-cturingprocessplanningandfixturedesignofmillingkeyofa"gearshaf
5、t"providedbyaenterprise.Asforprocessplanningandfixturedesign,thereweretwodifferentp-lansforselectingthebetterone.Thepaperfirstlyanalyzedthefunctionofthegears-haftanditsmechanicalproperties,andthenplannedthemachiningprocess,finally,th-efixturedesign.Asgearshaftrequiresthehighermachi
6、nerycomprehensivepropertie-s,weusuallyselecttheforgingsastheforgingblank.Itisveryimportantforensurin-gtheprocessingqualityofthegearshafttoarrangetheprocessroutereasonablyanddividetheprocessingstage.UsingFixturecanreducetheauxiliarytime,increaseprod-uctivity,ensuremachiningaccuracy,
7、stabilizetheprocessingquality,reducethetechni-calrequirementsforworkersandexpandthetechnologyrangeofmachinetool.Inthispaper,specialfixturewascheckedforprecisionandwasanalyzedforthepositioningerror.Thequalityoffixturedesignwasevaluatedtoo.Keywords:gearshaft;processanalysis;processpl
8、anningdesign;fixturedesign