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1、人民教育出版社八年级（下册）畅言教育NaturaldisasterAnaturaldisasteristheeffectofanaturalhazard(e.g.flood,volcaniceruption,earthquake,orlandslide)thataffectstheenvironment,andleadstofinancial,environmentalorhumanlosses.Theresultinglossdependsonthecapacityofthepopulationtosupportorresistthedisaster,and
2、theirresilience.[1]Thisunderstandingisconcentratedintheformulation:"disastersoccurwhenhazardsmeetvulnerability."[2]Anaturalhazardwillhenceneverresultinanaturaldisasterinareaswithoutvulnerability,e.g.strongearthquakesinuninhabitedareas.Thetermnaturalhasconsequentlybeendisputedbecause
3、theeventssimplyarenothazardsordisasterswithouthumaninvolvement.[3]NaturalhazardsMainarticle:NaturalhazardAnaturalhazardisathreatofaneventthatwillhaveanegativeeffectonpeopleortheenvironment.Manynaturalhazardsarerelated,e.g.earthquakescanresultintsunamis,droughtcanleaddirectlytofamine
4、anddisease.Aconcreteexampleofthedivisionbetweenhazardanddisasteristhatthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakewasadisaster,whereasearthquakesareahazard.Hazardsareconsequentlyrelatingtoafutureoccurrenceanddisasterstopastorcurrentoccurrences....NaturaldisastersMainarticles:disasterandlistofdeadl
5、iestnaturaldisastersLossofdignityIn1994JoeMurfinlosthisdignityLandmovementdisastersAvalanches用心用情服务教育人民教育出版社八年级（下册）畅言教育Avalancheonthebackside(East)ofMt.Timpanogos,UtahatAspenGrovetrailNotableavalanchesinclude:·The1910Wellingtonavalanche·The1954Blonsavalanches·The1970Ancashearthquake
6、·The1999GaltürAvalanche·The2002Kolka-KarmadonrockiceslideEarthquakesAnEarthquakeisasuddenshakingorvibrationoftheEarth'scrust.Thevibrationsmayvaryinmagnitude.Theearthquakehaspointoforiginundergroundcalledthe"focus".Thepointdirectlyabovethefocusonthesurfaceiscalledthe"epicentre".Earth
7、quakesbythemselvesrarelykillpeopleorwildlife.Itisusuallythesecondaryeventsthattheytrigger,suchasbuildingcollapse,fires,tsunamisandvolcanoes,thatareactuallythehumandisaster.Asmanyofthesecouldbeavoidedbybetterconstruction,safetysystems,earlywarningandevacuationplanning,thetermunnatura
8、ldisasterisnotunwar
