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1、THEATROCITYPARADIGMThispageintentionallyleftblankTheAtrocityParadigmATheoryofEvilCLAUDIACARD120023OxfordNewYorkAucklandBangkokBuenosAiresCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiHongKongIstanbulKarachiKolkataKualaLumpurMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiSãoPauloShanghaiSingapo
2、reTaipeiTokyoTorontoandanassociatedcompanyinBerlinCopyright©2002byClaudiaCardPublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmayberepro
3、duced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataCard,Claudia.Theatrocityparadigm:atheoryofevi
4、l/ClaudiaCard.p.cm.ISBN0-19-514508-91.Goodandevil.I.Title.BJ1401.C292002170—dc212001036610987654321PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperTomyteachers,whoseexampleandencouragementhaveelicitedmybestefforts:RubyHealyMarquardt(1891–1976)MarjorieGlassPinkert
5、onMarcusGeorgeSingerJohnRawlsLornaSmithBenjaminThispageintentionallyleftblankPrefaceFourdecadesofphilosophicalworkinethicshaveengagedmewithvarietiesofevil.Itbeganwithanundergraduatehonorsthesisonpunishment,whichwasfollowedbyaPh.D.dissertationonthattopic,essaysonme
6、rcyandretribu-tion,andagranttostudytheU.S.penitentiarysystem.Besides“CrimeandPunishment”courses,IalsoteachorhavetaughtKant,Schopenhauer,Nietz-sche,andthephilosophyofreligion,allwithacentralfocusonevil.Themid-1970sbroughtanencounterwiththeradicalfeministessaysofMar
7、ilynFrye,whichworkedarevolutioninmyapproachestoeverything.IaffiliatedwithWomen’sStudiesanddevelopedthreecoursesinfeministphi-losophy.Myresearchinterestsexpandedtotakeinrape,atrocitiesofdomesticviolenceandchildabuse,historiesofslavery,lynching,andsegregation,and,tha
8、nkstopioneeringworkbyAndreaDworkinandMaryDaly,historiesofwitchburnings,footbinding,sati,andtheimposedfemalegenitalsurgeriesofclitoridectomyandinfibulatio
