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1、3316J.Opt.Soc.Am.B/Vol.30,No.12/December2013Matskoetal.TheoryofcoupledoptoelectronicmicrowaveoscillatorII:phasenoiseAndreyB.Matsko,*DannyEliyahu,andLuteMalekiOEwavesInc.,465NorthHalsteadStreet,Suite140,Pasadena,California91107,USA*Correspondingauthor:andrey.matsko@oewaves.com
2、ReceivedAugust16,2013;revisedOctober24,2013;acceptedNovember3,2013;postedNovember4,2013(Doc.ID195908);publishedNovember27,2013Theresultofatheoreticalandexperimentalstudyonthephasefluctuationsofacoupledoptoelectronicoscillatorispresented.Wederiveananalyticalexpressionforthefun
3、damentallimitofphasenoiseofaradio-frequencysignalgeneratedintheoscillatorandcompareitwithexperimentaldata.Weshowthatthenoisecanbeextremelylow,approaching−160dBc∕Hzat10kHzoffsetforreasonableexperimentalparameters.Theexperimentallyobservednoiseis15dBhigherduetotechnicalnoiseoft
4、hesystem.©2013OpticalSocietyofAmericaOCIScodes:(140.4050)Mode-lockedlasers;(060.5625)Radiofrequencyphotonics;(230.4910)Oscillators.http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.30.0033161.INTRODUCTIONTheregenerativeoptoelectronicfeedbackisintendedtoVariousconfigurationsofcoupledoptoelectro
5、nicoscillatorsstabilizetheRMLL,whichhasanunstableopticalloop.(COEO)[1–7]areusedtoproducespectrallypureradio-Weconsidertheexplanationof[1]morerelevantsincethefrequency(RF)signals.Forinstance,aCOEOgeneratingoptimaloperationconditionsaredifferentforaCOEOand9.4GHzsignalswith−150d
6、Bc∕Hzphasenoiseat10kHzfre-RMLL.IntheCOEO,theopticalloopisstabilizedsothatquencyoffsetwasrealized[4].ACOEObasedonamode-theRFnoiseisminimized;parametersoftheopticalpulseslockedlaserwithahigh-finesseintracavityetalon(describedarenotimportant.TheRMLLusestheelectronicfeedbackindet
7、ailin[8,9])wasdemonstrated.Itproducedahigh-tostabilizethemode-lockedlaseroperation.TheRFsignalstability10GHzspaced,13nmwide,opticalfrequencycombandthepulserepetitionfrequencyoftheRMLLareusually[5].ThiswasachievedbyselectingasingleopticalsupermodenoisycomparedtoaCOEO,thoughsom
8、etimesrathergoodintheopticalloopoftheoscillator.A10.7GHzCOEObasednoi
