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1、FrontiersinElectronicTestingFRONTIERSINELECTRONICTESTINGConsultingEditor:VishwaniD.AgrawalVolume41Forfurthervolumeshttp://www.springer.com/series/5994MichaelNicolaidisEditorSoftErrorsinModernElectronicSystemsEditorDr.MichaelNicolaidisTIMALaboratoryGrenobleINP,CNRS,UJFav.FelixVial
2、let4638031GrenobleCXFrancemichael.nicolaidis@imag.frISSN0929-1296ISBN978-1-4419-6992-7e-ISBN978-1-4419-6993-4DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-6993-4SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondonLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010933852#SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC2011Allrightsreserved.Thiswo
3、rkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher(SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,
4、electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden.Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyare
5、subjecttoproprietaryrights.Printedonacid-freepaperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)ForewordTheideasofreliability,orshouldIsayunreliability,incomputingbeganwithvonNeumann’s1963paper[1].Intheinterveningyears,weflip-floppedbetweenthoughtssuchas“semiconduc
6、torsareinherentlyreliable”and“increasingcomplexitycanleadtoerrorbuildup”.Changeovertodigitaltechnologywasawelcomerelieffromavarietyofelectricalnoisesgeneratedathome.Whilewecontinuetofictionalizethearrivalofextraterrestrialbeings,wedidnotsuspectedthattheywouldarriveearlytoaffectour
7、electronicsystems.Letmequotefromarecentpaper,“Fromthebeginningofrecordedhistory,manhasbelievedintheinfluenceofheavenlybodiesonthelifeontheEarth.Machines,electronicsincluded,areconsideredscientificobjectswhosefateiscontrolledbyman.So,inspiteoftheknowledgeoftheexactdateandtimeofitsma
8、nufacture,wedonotdraftahoroscopeforamach
