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1、HowtogivesuccessfuloralandposterpresentationsJ.W.NiemantsverdrietSchuitInstituteofCatalysis,EindhovenUniversityofTechnologyEindhoven,TheNetherlandsSeealso:http://www.efcats.orgHowtogiveasuccessfuloralpresentationdevelopyourownpresentationstylebuttrytoavoidcommonl
2、ymademistakesIntroductionHowoftenhaveyoubeenlisteningtooralpresentationsthatdealtwithinterestingsciencewhileyouneverthelesshaddifficultytopayattentiontilltheend?Howoftendidyouloseyourinterestbeforethespeakerhadevencomehalfway?Wasitbecauseofthesubjectofthetalkorwa
3、sitthewaythespeakerpresentedit?Manypresentationsconcerninterestingwork,butareneverthelessdifficulttofollowbecausethespeakerunknowinglymakesanumberofpresentationerrors.Byfarthelargestmistakeisthataspeakerdoesnotrealizehowanaudiencelistens.Ifyouarewellawareofwhater
4、rorsyoushouldavoid,thechancesarehighthatyouwillbeabletogreatlyimprovetheeffectivenessofyourpresentations.TheAttentionCurveTheaverageattendeeofaconferenceisbyallmeanswillingtolistentoyou,butheisalsoeasilydistracted.Youshouldrealizethatonlyaminorpartofthepeoplehave
5、comespecificallytolistentoyourtalk.Therestisthereforavarietyofreasons,towaitforthenextspeaker,ortogetageneralimpressionofthefield,orwhatever.AudienceAttentionConclusionTimeFigure1illustrateshowtheaverageaudiencepaysattentionduringatypicalpresentationof,Figure1Typ
6、icalattentiontheaudienceletssay,30minutes.Almosteveryonelistenspaystoanaveragepresentationinthebeginning,buthalfwaytheattentionmaywellhavedroppedtoaround10-20%ofwhatitwasatthestart.Attheend,manypeoplestarttolistenagain,particularlyifyouannounceyourconclusions,bec
7、ausetheyhopetotakesomethingawayfromthepresentation.Whatcanyoudotocatchtheaudiencesattentionforthewholedurationofyourtalk?Theattentioncurveimmediatelygivesafewrecipes:·Almosteveryonelistensinthebeginning.ThisisTHEmomenttomakeclearthatyouwillpresentworkthattheaudie
8、ncecannotaffordtomiss.·Ifyouwanttogetyourmessagethrough,youshouldstateitloudandclearinthebeginning,andrepeatitattheend.·Thebestapproach,however,istodivideyourp
