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1、Income,Health,andWell-BeingAroundtheWorld:EvidenceFromtheGallupWorldPollByAngusDeaton,Ph.D.ThisarticlefirstappearedintheJournalofEconomicPerspectives—Volume22,Number2—Spring2008(http://www.aeaweb.org/jep).Ithasbeenreprintedwithpermissionofthepublisherandauthor.Formore
2、informationontheGallupWorldPoll,aswellasGallup’sotherconsultingandresearchservices,pleasee-mailworldpollpartners@gallup.comorcall202.715.3030(UnitedStates)or+44.0.20.7950.4402(Europe).Income,Health,andWell-BeingAroundtheWorld:EvidenceFromtheGallupWorldPollByAngusDeato
3、n,Ph.D.hegreatpromiseofsurveysinwhichpeopleHelliwell,2003;BlanchflowerandOswald,2004).Kahne-reporttheirownleveloflifesatisfactionisman,Krueger,Schkade,Schwarz,andStone(2006)argueTthatsuchsurveysmightprovideastraight-thateventhesemeasuresoverstatetheeffectsofincome.for
4、wardandeasilycollectedmeasureofin-Theysuggestthatmoreincomemaydonothingforexperi-dividualornationalwell-beingthataggregatesovertheencedhappinessandthattheobservedcorrelationbetweenvariouscomponentsofwell-being,suchaseconomicstatus,lifesatisfactionandincomecomesfroma“f
5、ocusingillu-health,familycircumstances,andevenhumanandpoliti-sion,”whichpromptsrespondentstocomparetheirincomescalrights.Layard(2005)arguesforcefullysuchmeasuresdowithsomestandardsetbytheirownpreviousincomesorindeedachievethisend,providingmeasuresofindividualbytheinco
6、mesofothers.Itisthereforepossiblethat,overandaggregatehappinessthatshouldbetheonlygaugesthelongrun,increasesinincomewillgeneratenoincreaseinlifesatisfaction.Thisresultisconsistentwiththemi-usedtoevaluatepolicyandprogress.SuchapositioniscrolevelevidencefromtheGermanSoc
7、ioeconomicPanelinsharpcontrasttothemorewidelyacceptedview,asso-byDiTella,Haisken–DeNew,andMacCulloch(2007),ciatedwithSen(1999),whichisthathumanwell-beingwhoregresslifesatisfactiononincomeandonseveraldependsonarangeoffunctionsandcapabilitiesthaten-lagsofincomeandfindth
8、atlifesatisfactionadaptscom-ablepeopletoleadagoodlife,eachofwhichneedstobepletelytoincomewithinfouryears.Inthiswork,incomedi
