水利水电工程毕业设计外文翻译

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1、西华大学外文资料翻译外文资料翻译学院(直属系):能源与环境学院年级、专业:2009级水利水电工程学生姓名:李巧龙　　　学号:312009080801230　指导教师:杨耀完成时间:2013年5月27日14西华大学外文资料翻译hydraulicturbines1introductionPowermaybedevelopedfromwaterbythreefundamentalprocesses:byactionofitsweight,ofitspressure,orofitsvelocity,orbyacombinationofanyorallthree.Inmodernpract

2、icethePeltonorimpulsewheelistheonlytypewhichobtainspowerbyasingleprocesstheactionofoneormorehigh-velocityjets.Thistypeofwheelisusuallyfoundinhigh-headdevelopments.Therehasbeenpracticallynoincreaseintheefficiencyofhydraulicturbinessinceabout1925,whenmaximumefficienciesreached93%ormore.Asfarasm

3、aximumefficiencyisconcerned,thehydraulicturbinehasaboutreachedthepracticablelimitofdevelopment.Nevertheless,inrecentyears,therehasbeenarapidandmarkedincreaseinthephysicalsizeandhorsepowercapacityofindividualunits.Inaddition,therehasbeenconsiderableresearchintothecauseandpreventionofcavitation

4、,whichallowstheadvantagesofhigherspecificspeedstobeobtainedathigherheadsthanformerlywereconsideredadvisable.Theneteffectofthisprogresswithlargerunits,higherspecificspeed,andsimplificationandimprovementsindesignhasbeentoretainforthehydraulicturbinetheimportantplacewhichithaslongheldatoneofthem

5、ostimportantprimemovers.2typesofhydraulicturbinesHydraulicturbinesmaybegroupedintwogeneralclasses:theimpulsetypewhichutilizesthekineticenergyofahigh-velocityjetwhichactsupononlyasmallpartofthecircumferenceatanyinstant,andthereactiontypewhichdevelopspowerfromthecombinedactionofpressureandveloc

6、ityofthewaterthatcompletelyfillstherunnerandwaterpassages.Thereactiongroupisdividedintotwogeneraltypes:theFrancis,sometimescalledthereactiontype,andthepropellertype.Thepropellerclassisalsofurthersubdividedintothefixed-bladepropellertype,andtheadjustable-bladetypeofwhichtheKaplanisrepresentati

7、ve.2.1impulsewheelsWiththeimpulsewheelthepotentialenergyofthewaterinthepenstockistransformedintokineticenergyinajetissuingfromtheorificeofanozzle.Thisjetdischargefreelyintotheatmosphereinsidethewheelhousingandstrikesagainstthebowl-shapedbucke