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1、美国标准考试历史简介标准考试是美国大学招考的重要形式，在美国已有50多年的历史。近年来，越來越多的大学开始重视标准考试。最常见的标准考试有两种:美国大学入学考试(ACT)和学术能力评估考试(SAT)o下面，我们就来看看美国标准考试的形成过程。StandardizedtestshavebeenascourgelofstudentlifeinAmericaformorethan50years,butit'sfairtosaythey,remorepressure?®packedandubiquitousthaneverbefore・TheACT(AmericanCol
2、legeTest)anditscounterpart,theSAT(ScholasticAssessmentTest),havebecomeoneofthelargestdeterminingfactorsinthecollege?^admissionsprocess,particularlyforeliteschools.StudentsintheU.S.aretakingmorestandardizedteststhaneverbefore,andatageslongbeforecollegebeckons.Theearliestrecordofstandar
3、dizedtestingcomesfromChina,wherehopefulsforgovernmentjobshadtofilloutexaminationstestingtheirknowledgeofConfucianphilosophyandpoetry.IntheWesternworld,examinersusuallyfavoredgivingessays,atraditionstemmingfromtheancientGreeksaffinityfor2theSocraticmethod.ButastheIndustrialRevolution(a
4、ndtheprogressivemovementoftheearly1800sthatfollowed)tookschool?^agokidsoutofthefarmsandfactoriesandputthembehinddesks,standardizedexaminationsemergedasaneasywaytotestlargenumbersofstudentsquickly.In1905FrenchpsychologistAlfredBinetbegandevelopingastandardizedtestofintelligcnco,worktha
5、twouldeventuallybeincorporatedintoaversionofthemodernIQtest,dubbed3theStanford?®BinetIntelligenceTest.ByWorldWarI,standardizedtestingwasstandardpractice:aptitudequizzescalledArmyMentalTestswereconductedtoassignU.S.servicemenjobsduringthewareffort.Butgradingwasatfirstdonemanually,anard
6、uoustaskthatunderminedstandardizedtesting^sgoalofspeedymassassessment.Itwouldtakeuntil1936todevelopthefirstautomatictestscanner,arudimentarycomputercalledtheIBM805.Itusedelectricalcurrenttodetectmarksmadebyspecialpencilsontests,givingrisetothenowubiquitousbubbling?郵inofanswers・(Modern
7、opticalscannersopttousesimpleNo.2pencils,astheirdarkerleadismostscannet?郵friendly.)TheSATandtheACTarebyfarthemostfamousstandardizedteststoday.TheSATcamefirst,foundedin1926astheScholasticAptitudeTostbytheCollegeBoard,anonprofitgroupofuniversitiesandothereducationalorganizations.Theorig
8、inalt
