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1、冀北山地云杉嫁接技术初探陈爱桃王桂鑫摘要：为了高效地营建云杉无性系种子园，以河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局龙头山国家重点落叶松良种基地的云杉为对象，通过野外调查的方法，对嫁接时间、嫁接人员技术熟练程度、嫁接方法、营建方式以及后期管理等关键技术进行研究。结果表明：在5月中旬至下旬嫁接成活率最高，为90.2%，比4月底至5月初嫁接提高46.4%，比6月初嫁接提高157.7%;经过严格训练的技术熟练人员的嫁接平均成活率为85.3%，未经培训的人员嫁接平均成活率仅为37.7%,前者比后者提高126.3%;髓心形成层贴接法嫁接成活率为92.3%、顶芽劈接法成活率为36.0%,前者比后
2、者提高156.4%,而前者平均新梢长7.61cm,后者平均新梢长3.55cm,前者是后者的2倍多；先嫁接后造林成活率在87.1%以上，先造林后嫁接成活率仅为27.7%左右，前者比后者提高214.1%;嫁接40d后松绑比嫁接20d后松绑成活率提高135.5%,比嫁接60d后松绑提高仏.3%。关键词：云杉;无性系;种子园;嫁接;技术;作者简介：陈爱桃（1982-），女，河北围场人，本科，助理工程师，主要从事林木遗传育种工作。收稿日期：2017-04-11ResearchongraftingtechniqueofspruceinnorthernareaofHebeiprovin
3、ceCHENAitaoWANGGuixinMulanweichangNationalForestryAdministrationofHebeiProvince:Abstract：Inordertoefficientlyconstructspruceclonalseedorchard,thespruceinlarchseedbaseofForestryManagementBureauofNationalKeyLongtouMountaininMulanweichangofHebeiprovincewastakenastheobject,andthekeytechnology
4、likegraftingtime,personnelproficiency,graftingmethod,afforestationmethodandmanagementwerestudiedthroughmethodoffieldinvestigation.Theresultsshowedthat:Inthemid-to-lateMay,thehighestgraftingsurvivalratewas90.2%,46.4%higherthanthethatfromtheendofApriltoearlyMay,and157.7%higherthanthethatatt
5、hebeginningofJune.Theaveragesurvivalrateofgraftedplantsbyproficientworkerswas85.3%,andtheaveragesurvivalratebyuntrainedworkerswasonly37.7%;theformerwas126.3%higherthanthatofthelatter.Thegraftingsurvivalrateofmedullarycambiumgraftingwas92.3%,andthesurvivalrateofterminalbudsplitconnectionwa
6、swas36.0%;theformerwas156.4%higherthanthelatter.Theaveragenewbranchlengthofmedullarycambiumgraftingwas7.61cm,andtheaveragenewshootlengthofterminalbudsplitconnectionwas3.55cmlong,thustheformerwas2timesmorethanthelatter.Aftergrafting,thesurvivalrateofafforestationwasabove87.1%,whilethesurvi
7、valrateofgraftingafterafforestationwasonlyabout27.7%,andtheformerwas214.1%higherthanthatofthelatter.Thesurvivalrateofrelaxationaftergrafting40dincreasedby135.5%comparedwiththatof20d，andincreasedby44.3%comparedwiththatof60d.Keyword：spruce;clone;seedorchard;grafting;t
