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1、BasicFirstAidAccidentshappenanywhereandanytime.Thefirstresponsetoanaccidentisthemostimportant.Oftentimes,firstaidgivenatthescenecanimprovethevictim’schancesofsurvivalandagoodrecovery.Therightresponseisbetterthananincorrectquickone.Anyresponse,evenifitiswrong,isbetterthannonea
2、tall.UnconsciousVictimIfthevictimisunconscious,performrescuebreathing.(Rescuebreathingisexplainedlateroninthissection.)Ifthevictim’shearthasstoppedbeating,performresuscitation(CPR)ifyouhavebeenproperlytrainedtodoso.ShockShockusuallyaccompaniessevereinjuryoremotionalupset.Thes
3、ignsarecoldandclammyskin,paleface,chills,confusion,frequentnauseaorvomitingandshallowbreathing.Untilemergencyhelparrives,havethevictimliedownwiththelegselevated.Keepthevictimcoveredtopreventchillingorlossofbodyheat.Givenon-alcoholicfluidsifthevictimisabletoswallowandhasnotsus
4、tainedanabdominalinjury.BleedingUntilemergencyhelparrives,trytocontrolbleeding.Ifpossible,firstputonrubberorlatexglovesbeforetouchingblood.Ifthesearenotavailable,acleanplasticbagcanbeusedtocoveryourhands.Itisimportantnottocomeincontactwithbloodbecauseofthehealthrisks.Iffinger
5、orhandpressureisinadequatetocontrolbleeding,placeathickpadofcleanclothorbandagedirectlyoverthewound,andholdinplacewithabelt,bandage,necktiesorclothstrips.Takecarenottostopthecirculationtotherestofthelimb.Forinjurieswhereatiecannotbeused,suchastothegroin,back,chest,headandneck
6、,placeathickpadofcleanclothorbandagedirectlyoverthewoundandcontrolthebleedingwithfingerorhandpressure.Ifbonesarenotbroken,raisethebleedingparthigherthantherestofthebody.Iftheinjuryisextensive,thevictimmaygointoshockandshouldbetreatedforit.Asalastresort,atourniquetcanbeapplied
7、tostopbleeding.Thereisariskofsacrificingalimbtosavealife.Atourniquetisawidebandofclothorothermaterialtightlyplacedjustabovethewoundtostopallflowofblood.Atourniquetcrushesthetissueandcancausepermanentdamagetonervesandbloodvessels.Onceinplace,atourniquetmustbeleftthereuntilaphy
8、sicianremovesit.Thevictimmustbetakentomedicalhelpassoonaspossible.Bu
