most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds.阅读理解答案

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1、Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.阅读理解答案　　Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimeelapses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.HowdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplaceInformationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doesso

2、viathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulithatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.　　Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathuman

3、scanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,o

4、necanoptimizetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.　　Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymainte

5、nanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwi

6、llforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.　　Encoding

7、informationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable（可取回的）.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecue