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1、SEMANTICCONSTITUENTSANDSENSERELATION1.SemanticComponents1.1SemanticFeatures(Components)Semanticfeaturesarealsocalledsensecomponents,semanticmarkersorsememes.Thefeaturesorcomponentshelpustoindexthemeaningsofwords,separatethevariousmeaningsofindividualwords,andhelpustoanaly
2、zerelationshipsbetweensimilarordifferentwords.ComponentialanalysisoriginatedwiththeworkofTrubetzkoy(1939)andthePragueSchoolofLinguistics(mainlyinphonology)(LiuRun-qing,2002),butitisperhapsbetterknownnowassemanticfeatureanalysis.Asweknow,everythingintheworldisrelatedtoothe
3、rswithwordwithoutexception.Whenwewanttomakeacomparisonbetweenthings,wewilltrytofindoutthesimilarities,samenessordifferencesbetweenthethingswewanttocompare.Factually,semanticfeaturesaretheproductsofsuchcomparisons.Semanticfeatureanalysisisbasedonthesamenessorsimilaritiesam
4、ongsetsofwords.Bymeansofdisplayingthesameness,similaritiesordifferences,wecanmakesemanticfeatureanalysis.Forexample:LadyMacbeth,Ophelia,KingLear,Hamlet,RobinsonCrusoearecharactersinliteraryworks.ThefirstfourarethecharactersinShakespeareplays,butthelastoneisthecharacterint
5、henovelbyDanielDefoe.SowemightsaythatRobinsonCrusedoesnotfitinthegroup,becausehedoesnotsharethe[+Shakespeareancharacter]feature.Onanother,wemightfindthesenames:ChengLong,MeiYan-fang,XuFan,ShirleyTemple.Allofthesepeopleweremoviestars,whicharethesimilaritysharedbythesepeopl
6、e,but,thereexistsomedifferencesbetweenthem:ChengLong---[+anactorgoodatmartialperformance],MeiYan-fang---[+anactressgoodatlovingmovie],XuFan---[+anactressspecializinginfamilyfeelings],ShirleyTemple---[+childrenmoviestar].Asetofwordssuchasidea,newspaper,chair,andbookarenoun
7、s.Wecanactuallypointtoanewspaper,achair,orabookandsay,“That’sanewspaper,”or“That’sachair,”or“That’sabook.”Wecannotpointtoanobjectandsay,“That’sanidea.”Ideaisanabstractnoun,soitdoesnotfitwiththosethatare[+concrete].Inaword,awordhasitsownfeaturesthatcanmakeitdistinguishedfr
8、omothersthatcanbeseentohavenecessarycomparisonwithit.Thedistinctivefeaturesarethecomponentsthatc
