.chapter3phonetics语言学.ppt

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1、Chapter3:Phonetics哈师大西语学院田延明Thestudyofspeechsounds。Phonetics---ChapterThreeContentsI.DefinitionofPhonetics;II.InternationalPhoneticAlphabet;III.BranchesofPhonetics;IV.ArticulatoryPhonetics.语音学就是对在所有人类语言或某种语言中用来表意的语音的科学研究。I.DefinitionofPhoneticsPhoneticsisthescientificstudyofspeechsou

2、ndswhichareusedbyallhumanlanguagesorbyaparticularlanguagetorepresentmeanings.II.InternationalPhoneticAlphabet2.1Whatisit?;2.2Whydoweuseit?;2.3Howdoweuseit?.国际音标字母表2.1Whatisit?InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(shortenedasIPA)isthephoneticalphabetdesignedbytheInternationalPhoneticAssociati

3、on(alsoshortenedasIPA)in1888tobeusedtorepresentthesoundsfoundinallhumanlanguages.2.2Whydoweuseit?Thefirstreasonisthatthereisusuallyadiscrepancybetweenpronunciationandspellingofmanylanguages;Thesecondreasonisthatweneedanorthographyasfaraslinguisticstudyisconcerned.2.3Howdoweuseit?Broa

4、dPhoneticTranscription:~isthatwhichonlytranscribesthesoundsthatcontrastwordsinmeaningwithoutprovidinganydetails,e.g.[pen];NarrowPhoneticTranscription:~isthatwhichnotonlytranscribesthesoundsthatcontrastwordsinmeaningbutalsoprovidesthedetailsbyusingdiacritics,e.g.['æphɫ].宽式标音法严式标音法.Dia

5、critics（变音符）~~~aretheadditionalmarkingsonwrittensymbolstospecifyvariousphoneticpropertiessuchaslength,tone,stress,nasalization,etc.Examplesare[i:],[ě],[ù],and[õ],etc.III.BranchesofPhoneticsArticulatoryPhoneticsAcousticPhoneticsAuditoryPhoneticsArticulatoryPhonetics（发音语音学）:~isthestudy

6、ofthewayinwhichspeechsoundsaremadebythevocalorgans;fromthespeakers’pointofview,“howspeakersproducespeechsounds”AcousticPhonetics（声学语音学）:~isthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsastransmittedbetweenmouthandear;fromthephysicalwayormeansbywhichsoundsaretransmittedfromonetoanother

7、.AuditoryPhonetics（听觉语音学）:~isthestudyoftheperceptualresponsetospeechsoundsasmediatedbyear,auditorynerveandbrain；fromthehearers’pointofview,“howsoundsareperceivedSoundarticulation(speaker’sperspective)Soundtransmission(medium)Soundperception(hearer’sperspective)IV.ArticulatoryPhonetic

8、s4.1Articula